Project of Consumer Perception on Branded Shirts

CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MBA DEGREE OF BANGALORE UNIVERSITY. SUBMITTED BY VIKRANT JAGANNATH Reg. No – 04XQCM6118 UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF PROFESSOR JAI RAJ NAIR M. P. BIRLA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT (ASSOCIATE BHARATIYA VIDYA BHAVAN) BANGALORE – 560001 1 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. DECLARATIONI hereby declare that the research work embodied in this dissertation entitled CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS † has been carried out by me under the guidance and supervision of Professor Jai Raj Nair, M. P. B. I. M. , Bangalore. I also declare that this dissertation has not been submitted to any University or Institution for the award of any Degree or Diploma. Place: Bangalore Date: 2nd June 2006 VIKRANT JAGANN ATH (O4XQCM6118) 2 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS.CERTIFICATE I hereby certify that the research work embodied in the dissertation entitled â€Å"CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS † has been undertaken and completed by Vikrant Jagannath under my guidance and supervision. I also certify that he has fulfilled all the requirements under the covenant governing the submission of dissertation to the Bangalore University for the award of MBA degree. Place: Bangalore (Prof. Jai Raj Nair) nd Date : 2 June 2006 3CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. CERTIFICATE I hereby certify that this dissertation is an offshoot of the research work undertaken and completed by VIKRANT JAGANNATH under the guidance of, Professor Jai Raj Nair M. P. B. I. M. Bangalore. . Place: Bangalore Date : 2nd June 2006 (Dr. N. S. Malavalli) Principal, MPBIM 4 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BR ANDED SHIRTS. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am happy to express my gratitude to Dr. N. S. Malavalli, (Principal, M. P.Birla Institute of Management), for their encouragement, guidance and many valuable ideas imparted to me for my project. I extend my sincere thanks to Professor Jai Raj Nair MPBIM, Bangalore for providing me all the information required and the guidance throughout the project without which this project would not have been possible. I would also like to sincerely thank all my lecturers and my friends for their help in completing my project successfully. (VIKRANT JAGANNATH) Reg No. 04XQCM6105 5 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Consumer awareness of styling issues and the convenience afforded by the ready to wear helped the readymade garment industry make small inroads into the domestic market in 1980’s. The total sales of clothing wears this fiscal which would turn out to be about 30% of the total readymade market. The b randed wear market has shown a substantial growth about 20% every year in recent times and is expected to contribute more than Rs90 billion The research was conducted on the consumers of premium branded ready made formal shirts in the city of Bangalore.The research due to the constraints of place, Time and Financial and other resources was restricted to Bangalore City alone. The research is aimed at understanding the following aspects related to Consumer Perception and Brand Preference For Premium Branded Readymade Formal Shirts. This project deals with the customers personal aspects like occupation sex age group . It also deals with the customers personality like the newspapers magazines and various factors that influence him while making a purchase of a formal shirt. It includes comparison of ix brands namely Van – Heuisen, Louis Phillipe, Arrow, Allen Solly, Zodiac and Park Avenue. The methodology followed is questionnaire method with a total sample size of 50 respondents, The data is tabulated and graphically represented through histograms, pie-charts, line graphs etc. Findings and recommendations are listed at the end of this project. 6 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. FUTURE SCENARIO OF INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY The agreement on textiles and clothing would cease to exist from DEC. 31 2004 and textiles would be integrated into the WTO.This will change the contours of the global textile trade as the key markets would be up for grabs for those supplying countries that have the competitive advantage. The textile manufactures worldwide are gearing up to face the post-2004 challenges. The Indian textile and clothing industry, undoubtedly a global textile powerhouse hither to constrain by the quotas, is expected to emerge stronger. It is expected by 2010, the Indian textile and apparel industry can achieve a potential size of $ 85 billion from the current size of $ 36 billion. With a projected increase in per capita cons umption from 19 meters to 32 meters, the domestic market potential would be $45 billion. ? On the domestic front, the fast growing economy and even faster growing middle class with higher disposable income have the potential to drive per capita consumption level increases and stimulate an 8% volume growth and an 9% value growth. ? Nearly 60% of the exports would comprise garments. ? Over 35%of India’s exports would be from textiles. ? Over 12 million new jobs would be created- 5 million jobs through direct employment in textile industry and another 7 million jobs in allied sectors. CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. India has all the key ingredients required to take advantage of the emerging opportunity. In segments like cotton textiles, India’s position is much stronger. The centre has initiated technology mission on cotton to improve productivity, Quality of cotton and to reduce cost of cultivation to make cotton cultivation remunera tive to farmers. A well-defined strategy will enable the textile industry to shift focus to value added products. The greatest value addition in the textile value chain s generated in the apparel segment. Apparel would therefore need to be the main thrust segment. The focus on value addition will also automatically ensure development and growth of upstream segments of the textile value chain. Processing is the weakest links in the entire textile value chain though it is a critical segment that determines the quality of the fabric or apparel. The government should create an enabling environment conductive to attracting large investments. It should focus and removing the system anomalies, develop infrastructure capabilities, develop port nfrastructure to handle large containerized vessels and continue to pursue reforms in the power sector at a faster pace to enable textile industry to get quality power at competitive tariffs visa vise competing countries like China and Pakistan†¦ Etc. In India, power cost is as high as 15% for spinning mills where as in neighboring competing countries it is around 7%. Unless government takes immediate measures to improve on this fronts textiles will suffer badly in years to come. The expansions are happening in keeping with the new projects coming up in weaving and processing. The spring 8CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. spinning capacity is likely to go up at least 1. 3 to 1. 4 millions spindies by next year. The cotton-spinning sector is also moving into value added yarns mercedised yarns, compact yarns, dyed yarns. The production of the value added yarns will go up to 50% of the total yarn production in the coming three to four years. There is no doubt that the textile industry is going to be a sunrise industry in post MFA (Multi Fibre Agreement) era. 9 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. THE READY-TO-WEAR REVOLUTIONTraditionally, Indian’s prefer custom made clothing and the concept of readymade is relatively recent one. the customized tailoring units were localized to the township or city that they were located in and catered exclusively to the domestic demand. Consumer awareness of styling issues and the convenience afforded by the ready to wear helped the readymade garment industry make small inroads into the domestic market in 1980’s. A growing share of younger consumerism the spending population, who are most open to converting to ready to wear, fueled the growth of the readymade garment industry in subsequent years.Increasing exposure to various media also provided an impetus in terms of greater access to fashion trends from outside the country. At the manufacturing end, improvements in the availability and quality of fabrics for apparel assisted in catering to the growing demand. 10 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. THE BRANDED WEAR MARKET The total sales of clothing wears thi s fiscal which would turn out to be about 30% of the total readymade market. The branded wear market has shown a substantial growth about 20% every year in recent times and is expected to contribute more than Rs90 billionTRENDS IN THE READY TO WEAR MARKET The overall men’s wear market is growing at 6% in the premium segment. Total men’s wear consumption in 2003-2004 is likely to be around 1405 million pieces of which 845 million (61%) will be ready-mades and 551 million (39%) will be tailor-made. 11 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING CONCEPT Marketing is a comprehensive term and it includes all resources and a set of activities necessary to direct and facilitate the flow of goods and services from the producer to the consumer in the process of distribution.Therefore marketing as a functional area of management is becoming increasingly important as compared to other fields. In management, all decisions in moder n business organization revolve around the marketing information. In modern business organization finance, personnel, production and R&D might be the door to success but marketing is the key with turns the lock. Consider any business decision, we find the critical input needed for this purpose in the marketing information. This information can be collected and utilized using marketing research techniques.MEANING AND DEFINITION OF MARKETING RESEARCH The term marketing research is a systematic gathering, recording and analyzing of data about problems connected with the market place i. e. , problems relating to the product, price, promotion and physical distribution of the marketing mix. Philip Kotler the marketing guru defines marketing research as â€Å"Marketing research is a systematic design, collection, analysis and reporting of data and findings relevant to a specific marketing situations facing the company†. 12CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. OBJECTIVES OF MARKETING RESEARCH ? Marketing research is used in the formulation of all marketing plans, policies, programs and procedures. ? It is employed for evaluation of these plans, policies†¦ Etc when they are brought into practice. ? It is used in reducing and minimizing all marketing costs, particularly selling, advertising, promotion and distribution costs. ? Programs of marketing research incidentally provide insurance cover for the survival and growth of the business in a dynamic economy. Marketing management through research can bring about the sale of the right product, through right channels to the right customers at the right places, at the right prices by evolving right plans, polices, and programs with the help of the right personnel. ? The main objective of marketing research is to enable the manufacturers to make goods acceptable and saleable and to see that they reach the market more easily, quickly, cheaply and profitable with out sacrificing the c onsumer interest. 13 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS.MARKETING RESEARCH PROCESS EFFECTIVE MARKETING RESEARCH INVOLVES FIVE STEPS: Defining the problem and research objectives. Developing the research plan. Collecting the information. Analyzing the information. Presenting the findings. MANAGEMENT’S USE OF MARKET RESEARCH Inspite of the rapid growth of marketing research, many companies still fail to use it efficiently. Several factors that stand in the way of its greater utilization are: ? A narrow conception of marketing research. ? Uneven caliber of market research. ? Late and occasional erroneous findings by marketing research. Intellectual differences. 14 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. A BRIEF INTRODUCTION Madura Garments established in 1988 as a part of Coats Viyella's (U. K) garment division. In December 1999, Indian Rayon and Industries Ltd. an Aditya Birla group company acquired Madura Garments. Madura Garments is one of the fastest growing branded apparel companies with a turnover of Rs. 395 crore at a blistering growth rate of over 30% per annum. Madura Garments is the undisputed leader in high quality readymade Menswear industry in South Asia. 15CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. The chronological developments listed below weave its success story 1989: Louis Philippe launched – The first national up market men's shirt. 1990: Launch Of Van Heusen – It was positioned as international corporate wear. 1993: Allen Solly Launched – Introduced the Friday Dressing concept. 1996: Launch Of Peter England – Became the largest selling shirt brand in South Asia. 1998: San Frisco Launched -Launched as the Great Trousers that last. 2000: Trouser Town – The Retail Concept store was launched as the â€Å"Readymade Trouser Expert. 2000: Elements, casuals from the House of Peter England was launched. 2001: Planet Fashion s launched -Mega store for Menswear – housing all Madura brands. MISSION To continuously enhance leadership position in the branded ready-made apparel market by marketing brands that continuously provides the Best Value to consumers in terms of fashion, design, quality, availability & image. To continue to be South Asia's leading clothing company by sustaining world-class standards of quality, customer service and design. 16 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS.VALUES Competitive Ability Quality Service & Value Taking Advantage of Change Committed People Clear Objectives Simple Organization Openness Responsibility/Empowerment Premium brands under MADURA GARMENTS Louis Philippe Van Heusen Allen Solly 17 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Madura Garments was the first to launch an International menswear brand label in South Asia when it launched Louis Philippe in 1989. Louis Philippe has the distinction of being t he first to introduce in India, a super premium segment in the readymade hirt industry. Louis Philippe's range of superbly crafted garments makes an exclusive fashion statement that is accepted as the Ultimate Status Symbol, recognized by the unique identifier, â€Å"The Upper Crest†. 18 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Van Heusen was introduced in 1990, a brand targeted at Corporate Executives. Very soon, it became the preferred corporate wear, redefining corporate attire through constant product innovations and collections. 19 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS.The Allen Solly brand has been in existence since 1744 and is currently a trademark of William Hollins & Co. Ltd. , England. Through association with Friday Dressing in India, this International brand is today the symbol of a genre that has rescued business dressing from a dip in corporate starch. For the soul that questions corporate formality, the brand provides a well-dressed way out. 20 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. A BRIEF HISTORY Incorporated in 1925, the Raymond Group is a Rs1400 crore plus conglomerate having businesses in Textiles, Readymade Garments, Engineering Files &Tools, Prophylactics and Toiletries. The group is the leader in textiles, apparel, & files & tools in India and enjoys a pronounced position in the international market. Raymond believes in Excellence, Quality and Leadership. Raymond Apparel Ltd. has three highly regarded menswear brands in its folio: Park Avenue, Parx & Manzoni. 21 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. The most respected brand in the formal menswear category in India. A trendsetter ever since its launch, Park Avenue's innovations in design, styling, colours and fashion has always been the benchmark for other brands.Park Avenue is the only brand that provides complete wardrobe solutions for men. With its unique colle ction of suits, jackets and trousers, Park Avenue has successfully addressed the needs of the corporate czar. The Park Avenue product portfolio includes: Shirts ? Trousers ? Suits ? Jackets ? 22 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Park Avenue shirts cover the widest spectrum of colours, fabrics and designs made in 100% cotton as well as cotton blends. Park Avenue shirts comes in a range of solid shades in plain and twill weaves as well as checks and stripes in white- and colour-based designs.Classically designed shirts with regular collar, button down collar and cutaway collar options complete this very exquisite range. Sub-brand Park Avenue Platinum occupies the top position in upper-crust clothing. These are 100% cotton shirts in contemporary designs available in the latest and trendiest international pattern and styles. New collections under Park Avenue The Classic Dress Shirt Fine Tech Shirts Evening Wear shirts Leisurewear shirts 100% wrinkle fr ee shirts 23 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS.A BRIEF HISTORY The company started business with export of readymade garments to Europe in the early '60s, which included mainly ties and shirts. For many decades, Zodiac has been synonymous with ties. The business of ties is a high fashion business and Zodiac has taken this to new highs in India and across the globe. In fact, one can say that in India Zodiac is generically associated with ties. Following Zodiac's huge success with ties, the company entered the arena of men's accessories with Cuff links, Belts, Wallets and Handkerchiefs.In 1973, Zodiac had a stand-alone exclusive shirt shop in Hotel Taj in Mumbai. The company then entered the domestic shirt segment in late '80s. Shirts and ties being the main areas of focus. In addition to the above products, Zodiac has today added quality trousers in its arsenal and with their new brand ZOD! Have opened up a whole new segment in the country- â€Å"Cl ub wear†. 24 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. ZODIAC SHIRTS Zodiac is one of the largest shirt companies in the world and sells quality shirts to the best stores across the globe.Zodiac has been a quality manufacturer of fashion garments for the last 47 years and is considered to be one of the finest quality shirt makers. All shirts are made from the finest fabrics sourced worldwide to give quality, value for money products. Zodiac shirts offer quality at affordable prices ranging from Rs545 to Rs2,200. Zodiac has also being awarded the Most Admired Neckwear Brand Award of the year at the prestigious ‘Images Fashion Awards 2000†². Zodiac, is today, the largest selling shirts & tie brand at Shopper's Stop according to Brand Equity (The Economic Times) 5 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. A BRIEF HISTORY The Arvind Mills Limited is the flagship company of Rs. 20 billion (US$ 550 million) of the Lalb hai Group. The Lalbhai Group, founded by three Lalbhai brothers-Kasturbhai, Narottambhai and Chimanbhai in 1908, has grown to become one of India's most diversified business houses, with a significant presence in the textiles, ready-to-wear, agrochemicals and telecom industries in India. Each company in the group, in its own way, pursues a single mission- to be the benchmark in its' industry.To achieve this, they have tied-up with a variety of companies†¦ all world leaders in their respective fields. Renovision and Technology have brought them to where they are today-one of the top ten manufacturers of Denim in the world, on their way to becoming global textile conglomerate. BRAND UNDER ARVIND MILLS 26 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. A BRIEF INTRODUCTION With a heritage spanning over 150 years, Arrow – the premium men’s wear brand has come to be recognised as the leader in men’s fashion. Having conquered the American mar ket, The Arrow Company, a division of Cluett Peabody & Co.Inc. , USA entered India in 1993. Since then, the brand has gained immense popularity in India and is the most sought after premium shirt for the savvy, fashion conscious Indian men. Arrow, brought to India by Arvind Brands, has been the voice of authority in formal dressing that understands the wardrobe requirements of its discerning male customers. Arrows offerings are aimed at working executives who believe in power dressing. The target customer for Arrow customers is an achiever in his respective field and wants only the best, be it a pen or the vehicle he drives.The brand has constantly worked on its product range and brought out collections that become synonymous with elegance and class. The Arrow wardrobe is available in four ranges: Americas Classic, Americas Premium, Americas Sport and Urban from Arrow. 27 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. ARROW WARDROBE Premium- This range has garm ents that are made with 100% 2-ply cotton and undergoes ETI treatment for a wrinkle-free effect. 2-ply yarn is more durable, stronger and lasts longer. This means the shirt lasts longer and looks better.This label includes international designs, a muted colour palette, twotone fabrics and stylish collars. Classic- Arrow believes that cotton is the best fabric against ones skin as it is soft, breathable and 100% natural. As a result, Arrow has taken a policy decision that even the Classic range will offer the consumer only 100% cotton. Sportswear- This range is made of 100% cotton in sporty finishes, indigo knits, soft washes, fine fabrics and a sophisticated palette. Americas Sport range offers a series of khakis, indigos and peached fabrics. The range is supported by peached tussore trousers with fashionable styling.The range includes shirts, trousers, knits and jackets. Urban- Arrow’s urban collection is created for the man with an innate sense of style and fashion. The col lection is meant to be worn at social gatherings. It uses a cotton lycra blend and the shirts are tapered with a narrow fit and an international collar. Arrow offers wardrobe solutions and not just shirts. Through its various collections it caters to the different moments in a mans life office wear, After-office wear, weekends and social events. 28 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. DESIGN OF THE STUDYThe second chapter is focused on details about how the research was conducted with information on the following aspects. ? Scope of the research ? Statement of the problem ? Objectives of the research ? Design of the research SCOPE OF THE RESEARCH The research was conducted on the consumers of premium branded ready made formal shirts in the city of Bangalore. The research due to the constraints of place, Time and Financial and other resources was restricted to Bangalore City alone. The research is aimed at understanding the following aspects related to Consumer Perception and Brand Preference For Premium Branded Readymade Formal Shirts. Impression of Branding ? Brand awareness ? Brand Loyalty ? Influencing Factors In Purchase decisions ? Advertisement effectiveness 29 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The corporate community of today’s world has come to realize the power of branding and tapping changing consumer perception as a tool for substantial Competitive advantage over other similar companies operating in the industry and the most comprehensive concept of branding is building the companies as Brands.But in the case of ready-to-wear garments industry, Branding always has and will plan an key role and thus the research tries to confirm to the statement. This is the reason why the research is trying to answer the question, ? Whether branding plays a vital role in purchase of premium branded readymade formal shirts? ? Whether companies are providing the product with changing consumer perception and needs? 30 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH ? To study the consumer perceptions towards premium branded readymade formal shirts. Brand awareness. ? Impact of brand image. ? The factors influencing the purchase behaviour. ? The satisfaction levels of consumer of premium branded readymade shirts. ? To measure the impression of advertisement. ? To know expectations of consumers from premium brands. 31 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. DESIGN OF THE RESEARCH The research was designed to achieve the above mentioned objectives and the following tools were used to collect the required data. ? ? ? ? Sampling method sampling frame Sample Size Data collection Methods SAMPLING METHODA sample is considered during a research when the size of the population is very large and a set is chosen to represent the whole population, this set is called a sample is a repres entative of the population under study. Similarly, a sample was chosen for the research and was chosen by a simple random sampling. SAMPLING FRAME The sample frame represents the groups of respondents that were contacted during the survey it also represents the profession of the respondents that were connected for data. SAMPLE SIZE The total sample size for the data collection for the research was 50 respondents. 2 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Data Collection Methods: The sources of data collection are: 1. Primary Data: Primary Data is the first hand information collected during the research. These are the original observations collected from the targeted segment of different methods. The Primary Data is collected through structured questionnaires and Direct Interview. 2. Secondary Data: The Secondary Data is collected through the materials given by the organization, books, journals, Business magazines and Internet.Tools for Data Collection: S tructured Questionnaires were the tools for data collection. The Questionnaire was neatly designed and constructed for the purpose inline with the objective of the study. 33 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 1 Table indicating the number of respondents with respect to their age group. Age Group (years) No. of Respondents Percentage (%) 18-25 25-35 35-45 > 45 Total 30 13 03 04 50 60 26 06 08 100 Graph No. 1 Graph indicating the number of respondents with respect to their age group.No. of Respondents 3 4 18-25 Years 25-35 Years 13 35-45 Years 30 >45 Years Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that 30 (60%) respondents are in the age group of 18-25 years, 13 (26%) respondents are in the age group of 25-35 years, 3 (6%) respondents are in the age group of 35-45 years, 4 (8%) respondents are in the age group of above 45 years. 34 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 2 Table indicating the gender of the respondents. Gender No. of Respondents Percentage (%) Male FemaleTotal 45 05 50 90 10 100 Graph No. 2 Graph indicating the Gender of the respondents. No of respondents 5 Male Female 45 Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that 45 (90%) of respondents are Male and 5 (10%) respondents are Female. 35 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 3 Table indicating the number of respondents with respect to their educational qualification. Educational Qualification No. of Respondents Percentage (%) S SL C PUC Under Graduate Graduate Post Graduate Total 00 00 17 25 8 50 00 00 34 50 16 100 Graph No. 3 Graph indicating the number of respondents with respect to their educational qualification. No of respondents 8 Post Graduate SSLC 25 PUC 17 Under Graduate UG 0 Graduate SSLC 0 0 Post Graduate 10 20 30 40 50 Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph the educational qualification of the respondents. 17 (34%) resp ondents are Under-Graduates, 25 (50%) respondents are Graduates, 8 (16%) respondents are Post Graduates. 36 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 4Table indicating the number of respondents with respect to their Occupation. Occupation No. of Respondents Percentage (%) Self Employed Salaried Student Others Total 10 17 13 10 50 20 34 26 20 100 Graph No. 4 Graph indicating the number of respondents with respect to their occupation. No of respondents 10 10 Self Em ployed Salaried Student 13 17 Others Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph with reference to their occupation. 10 (20%) respondents are Self-Employed, 17 (34%) respondents are salaried, 13 (26%) respondents are Students and 10 (20%) respondents are in other occupation. 7 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 5 Table indicating the number of respondents with respect to their Annual income. Annual income (Rs) No. of Respondents Per centage (%) < Rs50,000 Rs50,000-1,00,000 Rs1,00,000-3,00,000 >Rs3,00,000 Total 11 14 09 16 50 22 28 18 32 100 Graph No. 5 Graph indicating the number of respondents with respect to their Annual income. No. of Respondents 22% 32% Rs 3,00,000 Inference:It can be inferred from the table and graph with reference to their Annual Income, 11 (22%) respondents Income is Below Rs50,000 14 (28%) respondents income is between Rs50,000-1,00,000, 9 (18%) respondents income is Rs1,00,000-2,00,000, 16 (32%) respondents income is above Rs3,00,000. 38 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 6 Table indicating the different News Paper read by the respondents. News Paper No. of Respondents Percentage (%) Times Of India Deccan Herald Vijay Times Economic Times Others 39 21 19 13 16 78 42 38 26 32 Graph No. 6Graph indicating the different News Paper read by the respondents. No. of respondents 50 45 40 39 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Times Of India Deccan Herald 21 Vijay T imes 19 13 16 Economic Times Others Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that, 39 (78%) respondents read Times Of India, 21 (42%) respondents read Deccan Herald, 19 (38%) read Vijay Times, 13 (26%) read Economic Times and 16 (32%) respondents read other News papers like Indian Express, Business Times†¦etc. 39 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 7 Table indicating the different Magazines read by the respondents.Magazines No. of Respondents Percentage (%) Business Today Business World India Today Sports Star Others 28 22 39 13 16 56 44 78 26 32 Graph No. 7 Graph indicating the different Magazines read by the respondents. No. of re sponde nts 50 45 40 35 30 28 25 20 15 10 5 0 Bus ine s s toda y 39 Bus ine s s W orld India Toda y 22 13 16 Sports Star Othe rs Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that, 28 (56%) respondents read Business Today, 22 (44%) read Business World, 39 (78%) read India Today, 13 (26 %) respondents read Sports Star and 16 (32%) read other Magazines such as Inside Cricket†¦etc. 0 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 8 Table indicating the number of respondents with reference to the awareness of Premium Branded Formal Shirts. Premium Brands Van Heusen Louis Philippe Park Avenue Allen Solly Zodiac Arrow Others No. of Respondents 24 36 26 31 20 23 12 Percentage (%) 48 72 52 62 40 46 24 Graph No. 8 Graph indicating the number of respondents with reference to the awareness of Premium Branded Formal Shirts. No. of respondents 50 45 40 35 30 25 24 20 15 10 5 0 Van Heusen Louis Phillipe 36Park Avenue 31 26 20 Allen Solly 23 12 Zodiac Arrow Others Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that, 24 (48%) respondents are aware of Van Heusen, 36(72%) respondents are aware of Louis Philippe, 26 (52%) are aware of Park Avenue, 31 (62%) respondents are aware of Allen Solly, 20 (40%) respondents are aware of Zodiac, 23 (46%) respondents are aware of Arrow and 12 (24%) respondents are aware of other brands like John Players, Dockers, Indigo Nation†¦etc. 41 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 9Table indicating the number of respondents with reference to the awareness of Premium Branded Formal Shirts through different media . Media No. of Respondents Percentage (%) TV News Paper Magazines Hoardings Friends/Relatives Retail Outlet 36 32 22 14 23 12 72 64 44 28 46 24 Graph No. 9 Graph indicating the number of respondents with reference to the awareness of Premium Branded Formal Shirts through different media. No. of respondents 50 45 40 35 36 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 TV News Paper 32 Magazines 23 22 14 Hoardings 12 Friends/Relatives Retail Outlet Inference:It can be inferred from the table and graph that, 36 (72%) respondents came to know the brands through TV, 32 (64%) respondents through News Papers, 22 (44%) respondents through Magazines, 14 (28%) respondent s through Hoarding, 23 (46%) respondents through word of mouth [Friends/Relatives] and 12 (24%) respondents through retail Outlets. 42 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 10 Table indicating the number of respondents with reference to the media impressed them to purchase Premium Branded Formal Shirt. Media No. of Respondents Percentage (%) TVNews Paper Magazines Hoardings Others Total 12 08 11 07 12 50 24 16 22 14 24 100 Graph No. 10 Graph indicating the number of respondents with reference to the media impressed them to purchase Premium Branded Formal Shirt. No. of respondents 24 24 TV News Paper Magazines 14 16 Hoardings Others 22 Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that, 12 (24%) respondents are impressed through TV ads. 8 (16%) respondents through News Papers, 11 (22%) respondents through Magazines, 7 (14%) respondents through Hoardings and 12 (24%) respondents are impressed by others like word of mouth†¦. Etc. 4 3CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 11 Table indicating the number of respondents with reference to the advertisement recalled by them of various brands. Premium Brands Van Heusen Louis Philippe Park Avenue Allen Solly Zodiac Arrow Others No. of Respondents 12 28 22 16 14 26 08 Percentage (%) 48 72 52 62 40 46 24 Graph No. 11 Graph indicating the number of respondents with reference to the advertisement recalled by them of various brands. No. of re sponde nts 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 12 5 0 Va n He us en Louis Phillipe Pa rk Ave nue 28 26 22 16 Allen Solly Zodia c 14 8 Arr owOthe rs Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that, 12 (24%) respondents recall the ads. of Van Heusen, 28 (56%) respondents of Louis Philippe, 22 (44%) respondents of Park Avenue, 16 (32%) respondents of Allen Solly, 14 (28%) respondents of Zodiac, 26 (52%) respondents of Arrow and 8 (16%) respondents recall the Ads. Of other brands like John Player s, Indigo Nation †¦etc. 44 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 12 Table indicating the number of respondents with reference to the appeal of advertisement of various brands. Appeal No. of Respondents Percentage (%)Brand Name Style Durability Comfort Others Total 21 06 08 12 03 50 42 12 16 24 06 100 Graph No. 12 Graph indicating the number of respondents with reference to the appeal of advertisement of various brands. No. of respondents 3 Brand Name 12 21 Style Durability Comfortness Others 8 6 Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that, 21 (42%) respondents feel the ads. are appealing to Brand Name, 6 (12%) of respondents as Style, 8 (16%) of respondents as Durability, 12 (24%) of respondents as Comfort, 3 (6%) of respondents as others. 45 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 3 Table indicating the number of respondents with reference to the extent of ads. played role in purcha se of Premium Branded Formal Shirts. Extent No. of Respondents Percentage (%) High Medium Low Total 22 24 04 50 44 48 08 100 Graph No. 13 Graph indicating the number of respondents with reference to the extent of ads. played role in purchase of Premium Branded Formal Shirts. No. of respondents 8 44 High Medium 48 Low Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that advertisement had played a high role in purchase for 22 (44%) respondents, Medium role for 24 (48%) respondents and less role for 4 (8%) respondents. 6 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 14 Table indicating the number of respondents with reference to the Brands they purchased. Premium Brands No. of Respondents Percentage (%) Van Heusen Louis Philippe Park Avenue Allen Solly Zodiac Arrow Others 12 14 06 13 08 16 14 24 28 12 26 16 32 28 Graph No. 14 Graph indicating the number of respondents with reference to the Brands they purchased. No. of re sponde nts 50 45 40 35 3 0 25 20 15 10 12 5 0 Va n He us en Louis Phillipe Pa rk Ave nue Allen Solly 14 16 13 6 8 14 Zodia c Arr ow Othe rs Inference:It can be inferred from the table and graph that 12 (24%) respondents purchased Van Heusen. 14 (28%) purchased Louis Philippe. 6 (12%) respondents had purchased Park Avenue. 13 (26%) respondents purchased Allen Solly. 8 (16%) respondents purchased Zodiac. 16 (32%) respondents purchased Arrow. 14 (28%) respondents purchased other brands. 47 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 15 Table indicating the number of respondents with reference to the factors influenced them while purchasing of Premium Branded Shirts. Factors No. of Respondents Percentage (%) Brand Name PriceQuality Style Colour Others 34 22 42 18 16 08 68 44 84 36 32 16 Graph No. 15 Graph indicating the number of respondents with reference to the factors influenced them while purchasing of Premium Branded Shirts. No. of re sponde nts 50 45 40 35 34 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Br and Nam e 42 Pr ic e Qua lity 22 18 Style 16 Colour 8 Othe rs Inference: It can be inferred from the table and graph that factors influenced respondents while purchasing. 34 (68%) respondents influenced by Brand Name. 22 (44%) respondents influenced by Price. 42 (84%) respondents influenced by Quality. 18 (36%) respondents are influenced by Style. (12%) respondents are influenced by Colours and 8 (16%) respondents are influenced by other factors. 48 CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND BRAND PREFERENCE FOR PREMIUM BRANDED SHIRTS. Table No. 16 Table indicating the number of respondents with reference to what made them to think the particular shirt belongs to Premium class. Factors No. of Respondents Percentage (%) Brand Quality Durability Price Total 19 16 07 08 50 38 32 14 16 100 Graph No. 16 Graph indicating the number of respondents with reference to what made them to think the particular shirt belongs to Premium class. No. of re sponde nts

Limitations of Financial Accounting Essay

Financial accounting is the only branch of accounting and it is not perfect. There are large numbers of limitations which open new way to use other tools of accounting. To know what are the main limitations of financial accounting. It is very necessary for accountants. Accountants are often blind to these limitations. So, I am covering its limitation a lot of ground. Read below and understand:- 1. Financial accounting is of historical nature Net effect of transactions are recorded in financial accounting which has happened in past. These accounts is just postmortem of all events of business in past .These record does not help for future planning and other managerial decisions. Financial accounting shows the profitability of business but it is failure to tell that is it good or bad. Financial accounting is also failure to know the reasons of low profitability position. 2. Financial accounting deals with overall profitability Accounts of business are made by a way which shows only overall profitability .It does not shows net profit per product , or per department or according to job . Thus it is very difficult to find all such activities which do not give profit. So, it creates inefficiency in business activities. 3. Absence of full disclosure of facts In financial accounting we record only those activities and transactions which we can show or describe in money. There are many other facts of business which are nonfinancial and nonmonetary like efficient management, demand of products of firm, good relations in industry , good working environments which cannot be known by financial accounting . 4. Financial reports are interim report of business Financial statements made by financial accounting is the interim report of firm’s all business work but financial position and profitability which are shown in it is not fully true . Due to adopting cost concept, all transactions are recorded on it real cost but by changing in the time; it is the need of time to adjust cost of assets and liabilities according to inflation of market. Because, financial accounting does not records according to inflation so its result does not show true position of business. 5. Incomplete knowledge of costs From cost point of view, financial accounting is incomplete. In financial accounting, accountant does not calculate each and every product’s total cost. So, financial accounting does not help to determine the price of product of business. 6. No provision of cost control Financial accounting does not help business organization for controlling the cost as there is no provision of controlling cost in it. In financial accounting, we write cost, if we pay any expenses. Thus there is no provision of improvement in financial accounting. Except this, there is no any other way to inspect all expenses. 7. Financial statements are affected from personal judgment Many events of financial statements are affected from personal judgment of accountant. Method, rate of provision of doubtful debts and valuation method are decided by accountant. Thus, financial statements do not show true and fair view of business.

Online Customer Engagement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Online Customer Engagement - Essay Example This can also be referred to the social phenomenon facilitated by the extensive implementation of the internet in the late 1990s and captivating off by means of the procedural improvements in link speed (broadband) in the decade that trailed. Online Customer commitment is qualitatively dissimilar commencing the engagement of consumers' offline. This particular project will be of help as it will allow the organizations to counter react to the elementary changes in the clients' behaviors that the internet has brought forth. It will also avail the solution to the high level of the incompetence of the custom break off and replicate, broadcast model of promoting (George 1990, pg20). With this report, it will also provide the readers with the knowledge about the consumers' behaviors so as to enable them to know how to deal with their clients in order to be able to provide them with the appropriate products and services that they do need. From the other researchers, it has been proven that, the relationship of an organization with their clients during marketing affects their way of behavior. This can also be said that, customer engagement is directly proportional to the customer behaviors as well as the relationship marketing. This is so because, with consumer engagement, it commits the clients and thus able to evaluate their behaviors. 2.0 RESEARCH QUESTIONS For this project to be termed to be successful, it has to fulfil some of the requirements. Thus it will be required to answer some questions such as; 1. What are some of the consumer behaviour that is related to the online consumer engagement 2. How do the online consumer engagement relate to the marketing strategy used by an organisation 3. Why do the managers of the organisations have a preference on the online consumer engagement as compared to the offline one 4. Which relationship does consumer behaviour have with the marketing strategy of the organisation 5. What are the significance of the consumer engagement 3.0 OBJECTIVES: The project will be focused on some of the aspects so as to be able to attain its objectives. These objectives will be attained through the questions that have to be answered at the end of the project. These will include: 1. To know some of the consumer behaviours that are related to the online consumer engagement 2. To institute the association connecting the marketing strategies and the online consumer engagement. 3. To establish the advantages of the online consumer engagement compared to the offline consumer engagement. 4. To establish the relationship between consumer behaviour and marketing strategy in any given organisation. 5. The importance of the consumer engagement. 4.0 METHOD: This will entail the way and the techniques that will be used in the research and the way in which the data will be collected so as to get the accurate report for the research project. This will comprise of 4.1 RESEARCH DESIGN This is a qualitative research. This is because it entails the use of the purposive selection of the sample size and it is also based on the targeted population in the community which will comprise of the digital marketing community. To be able to get the information from the organisation, they will have to answer a number of questionnaires. The questionnaire will be as follows; Questionnaire Instruction To be filled

School Crime Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

School Crime - Case Study Example Involvement in gangs, shootings, thefts and robberies etc. are common criminal acts. (Almond, 2008) One of the most practiced crimes in school shooting with handguns. This act is done mostly by the people who are mentally disabled, expelled students or a faculty who have been kicked out of school for certain reason or people who hold a grudge against other students. The profound reason behind these incidents is vengeance and it is occasionally found that the perpetrator (shooter) is killed in the incident. There are lots of cases that can be used to discuss the issue regarding crimes in schools. (Almond, 2008) The shootings Virginia Tech School on April 16, 2007 where the death toll was about 33 civilians is one of these incidents. A mentally retarded student got hold of guns and shot people that crossed his path. Many of the victims were students that were shot dead in their dorms and class rooms. There were two separate shooting attacks in campus at Blacksburg. The first attack took place in dormitory were two students were shot dead and after that another attack took place in a classroom building across campus which killed another 31 students. The witnesses who were in campus describe the horrific scenes where the students were lined up against the wall and were shot one by one. (Almond, 2008) These types of incidents leave a question mark on the American society, the law makers as well as the school environments. If these type of incidents can take place in developed countries then what about the underdeveloped countries In this incident, a quick action by the administration would have prevented the second attack but due to lack of communication and prompt reaction, massive killings occurred. (Sommer, 1984) If these type of situation remains in schools then what would be the future of the Youth. Would a student studying in a school become a scholar or a terrorist This incident imitated wide interest from the media and the hype left the policy makers revise their policies and led to gun control measures. Researches have shown that these crimes are also due to various other factors that include the environment of school, availability of weapons in the state, peer pressure among a certain age group and discrimination by the society in which an individual is living. Addressing these types of issues can also be fruitful for the society and can lead to favorable outcomes among schools. (Sommer, 1984) Another example of school crime is the shooting in Northern Illinois School which led to 6 casualties. The shooting occurred in the lecture hall of the school at around 3 pm when a person dressed in black emerged suddenly into lecture hall and opened fire. The administration identified that the shooter as a former graduate student in sociology who was enrolled in 2007 but then left. The administration of the school was put on alert immediately and the students were informed by emails, text msgs, alarms, media, and voicemail about the incident. (Rubel, 1981) These types of incidents can lead to very huge type of problem. The schools have to take some serious actions against this type of incident. To tackle these types of incidents the weapons systems should be used in campuses and metal detectors should be used to avoid these types of horrible incidents. Every student coming in campus should be

Capital structure Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Capital structure - Research Paper Example ure of an organization; however, the uptake of debt has several implications to a business, first, debt leads to an organization having to increase the business risk. The enterprise’s business risk goes up due to its high contribution to the enterprise, in this case, the high contribution of debt such as in option one leads to the debt holders having a high control of the enterprise. As a result, the organization or investment becomes vulnerable for takeover, if the business does not meet the interest payments, as goes into bankruptcy. Secondly, reduces the stake of the enterprise shareholders in that they have to work on servicing the debt at the expense of making profits, which a business’s prime objective(Martin & Baker, 2013). In the consideration of debt options, it is important to consider the debt period, in most cases, long-range debts are highly favorable since the organization utilizes the funds for a long period before repaying the sum value of the bond. Hence, the organization is able to enjoy a return on the investment and even re-invest the excess funds or paid dividends to equity and other shareholders in the business. Short time range bonds such as option three, four and five negatively affects business shareholders, this is because, the business is forced to source for funds and pay the creditors irrespective of whether it has generated profits or not, the bottom line is that the business has a responsibility to repay the funds within the agreed period. Given the long-term nature of projects, the funding requirement leads to complications, as the return may not be realized in good time to pay the sum value as per that date. When this situation arises, the business becomes ripe for takeover according to the provisions of business law. In the light of these, careful considerations have to be made before the business can settle on certain kinds of financing and the activities upon which funding is needed. Careful evaluation can give the

Computer technology advancement in Forensic science Essay

Computer technology advancement in Forensic science - Essay Example The system was great for its time. System worked well. The image was not of best quality it worked, better then the old Identity kit. Nothing compares to a good forensic composite artist who can draw the image by hand. However, for those of us who aren't so talented with that medium, the computer and software became our medium and the results were excellent. Computer industry changed. The VISATEX program was in the DOS environment, everything was changing to a graphical environment, Windows. The costs of computers were dropping fast, the programs were cheaper and a lot of those in the industry just couldn't keep up with the changing technology, a financial drain. The "newer" composite programs were using a lot more memory, hard drive space and required better printers. When law enforcement finally caught up to the modern computer world the new composite programs matched the current computers capability. This is where we are today. Several composite programs are offering their composi te images in 16 bit, soon to change to 32 bit images. They are now photo quality, some are even in full color! Computer programs are available for sketching crime scenes and blood spatters by inputting certain measurements associated with the scene and the individual spatters. This blood spatter program will then calculate and draw the spatters' points of origin.

Evidence-Based Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Evidence-Based Management - Essay Example A second approach can be applying practices tested and proven by management specialists. A practitioner can use competencies to inspire employees. Inspiration can be in the form of motivating high performance or encouraging execution of strategy. Setbacks are an inevitable aspect of the work environment in regard to applying evidence-based management; hence, a manager can employ theories such as teamwork to instill resilience in the employees (Roussel, 2011). Students need to be practical in order to apply evidence-based management. Not all factual evidences are efficient and practical. Practitioners need to remember that there is a lot of subjectivity in management. For instance, the level of education of a work force may differ. This requires the managing practitioner to choose tactics very carefully so as to be compatible with the persons they are governing. Both practitioners and students need to invest in patience. Scientific methods by nature are procedural and taking shortcuts will only taint the results the manager aims to achieve (Dunn, 2008). Change is a driving force for most innovations and successes. In this light, changes in the world management trends are significant contributing factors for the adoption of evidence based management. For instance, the need to keep the interests of employees separate from those of the patients is vital to the successful rendering of services. Evidence management has succeeded in this field tremendously. This can be seen by comparing the rate of employee dissatisfaction at the beginning of the industrial revolution and those in the XXI century (Shillabeer, 2011). The greatest restraint on evidence-based management is the speed at which managers and institutions want to achieve their goals. Evidence-based management is efficient but procedural. Most managers run institutional affairs by use of intuition. They like taking risks even when it comes to making decisions that affect

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 17

Economics - Essay Example st be unfeasible to break the overall stock exchange market through market timing or expert stock selection, and the only solution to an investor for obtaining higher returns is by buying riskier investments. Efficient Market Hypothesis is divided into three types. These are strong, semi strong and weak. The weak Efficient Market Hypothesis theory says that prices on assets traded such as bonds, stocks, or property already show all past available information for public. The semi-strong Efficient Market Hypothesis states that prices in addition to reflecting publicly available past information also shows that prices constantly change to show new publicly available information. However, the strong Effective Market Hypothesis says that in addition to the above two types of information, prices also show â€Å"insider† information or hidden truths. Although Efficient Market Hypothesis is the foundation of the financial theory today, it is doubtful and highly uncertain. A large number of educational institutions are in favor of Efficient Market Hypothesis but an equivalent number of people are against it. For instance, Warren Buffet, an investor, has been beating the market for quite a long time now which is almost impracticable according to the theory of Efficient Market Hypothesis. Critics of the Efficient Market Hypothesis also draw our attention towards the event of 1987 and many as such when the stock price of Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) came down by 20% in one day as proof that stock prices can diverge to a large extent from their fair market values. There is also proof against and for strong, semi-strong and weak Effective Market Hypothesis. In an answer to the critics, the advocates of Effective Market Hypothesis claim that market efficiency does not ascertain complete certainty about the future but it is a generali zation of the financial market which may be false sometimes. However in practical, market is efficient for purposes of speculation for almost all

Consider a particular real organization of your choice which has an Essay

Consider a particular real organization of your choice which has an international profile. Discuss how the organization is adopt - Essay Example The company is primarily engaged in manufacturing vehicles for the purpose of selling them to the general customers. The company was originally established in the year 1903 by Henry Ford and since then, the company has produced more than 260 millions of vehicles (Austin, 2001). It is worth mentioning that the automobile industry has grown to be much competitive in nature over the preceding few decades, particularly after the advent of the globalisation process. At the same time, the continuous advancement in the technological aspects has also contributed towards altering the business models and forcing the companies like Ford to incorporate radical changes in their respective supply chain and logistics operations for sustaining business in this competitive landscape. The company, during the year 1995 has initiated a plan to restructure its business model and other key areas of its activities such as Order to Delivery (OTD) and Ford Production System. The company with new structuring plan indented to reduce OTD and further desired to convert its supply chain based operations from push type to pull (Cao & et. al., 2010). In its structuring plan, it can be viewed that the ultimate aim of the company is to perform effectual supply chain along with logistics operations in a cost-effective manner (The Saylor Foundation, 2013; Ha, 2008). Correspondingly, this essay intends to discuss the sustainability and the green supply chain in the context of The Ford Motor Company. The Marketing Channels and Logistics Frameworks, Models and Theories and Latest Trends The marketing functions generally focus upon developing the tasks that are executed by the distribution systems and also the associated utilities of these functions. In this similar concern, marketing channels are viewed as the set of inter-reliant organisations that are engaged in the process of making certain products or services for consumption purpose. The marketing channels eventually draw attention to certain g roup of members such as wholesalers, distributors and retailers among the prime. These members are commonly engaged in the distribution system and are generally responsible for deliverance of products or services from the point of inception to the point of final consumption. It is worth mentioning that management of such marketing channels requires planning, organizing, coordinating, directing along with controlling efforts of channel members. For example, Ford Motor has articulated certain global terms and conditions especially for its suppliers that are duly required to be abided by them in order to conduct business with the company. Any supplier, who do not abide by the established sets of code of conduct which formulated by the company is liable to be terminated from the contractual arrangement (Borade & Bansod, 2007). In the contemporary business environment, most of the organisations are involved in providing customer-oriented view of marketing channels. The domain of marketin g channels typically includes market channel structure, governance and relationship management. In this regard, it can be firmly stated that the effort of one group in

Morality in Politics Essay Example for Free

Morality in Politics Essay People are forced to face moral challenges in making day-to-day decisions. When it comes to benefitting individual and societal good, the great question of politics is raised: what is the right thing to do? In Sophocles’ Antigone, there is a dilemma whether to abide by the laws of the gods above the laws of the state. Antigone makes a decision that not only affects her future but the future of the state under her uncle’s rule. Antigone gains a high moral sense in that she followed the laws of the gods and therefore did the morally right choice going against state laws, either case can be deemed as morally correct. In this essay it will be argued that citizens should be free to disobey state laws when conscience dictates. Sophocles’ play enacts the moral conflict of power between the laws of the gods and the laws of state. He presents the reader with a dilemma involving religious rituals passed down in the family and a new law passed by a ruler of the state. Antigone and her uncle, Creon, have a different set of values. Creon, the ruler of Thebes, values the constant order of the state and the public good. Antigone values family and religion, and views these commitments as superior to the laws imposed by her uncle. She claims, there is an â€Å"unchangeable unwritten code of Heaven,† (Sophocles, Antigone, 17) and she decides to act against the laws of her uncle to fulfill the laws of the gods, by giving her brother a proper burial ritual against Creon’s will. Antigone considers her uncle’s laws as sacrilege. Creon thought that his decision would bring stability to his state, as he claimed that â€Å"by corruption few men thrive and many come to mischief,† (Sophocles, Antigone, 12). Creon places the ‘polis’ above family and religious values and disregards the values that Antigone holds sacred. Sophocles positions Antigone as being the heroine of the play and allows her to justify her decisions, with the taking of her own life Antigone made a statement and accentuates the power she held and that Creon lacked. In the end, Creon is left with feelings of regret and no family, thus punished by the gods for not abiding by their laws. Antigone believed that her rights were not given to her by Creon but rather given to her by the gods. She was only doing what she thought was morally right. Antigone is a religious being and clearly values the gods higher than the state; she is willing to face the consequences. Antigone was willing to â€Å"meet with nothing more grievous, at the worst, than death, with honour,† (Sophocles, Antigone, 4) she courageously fulfilled her duties as a religious being. Many people would applaud Antigone’s bravery, for any private interest should be allowed to challenge the public good. In doing so, I believe that those private interests could eventually turn into a public interest. In the play, a prophet visits Creon to warn him of the consequences that have been brought about from his unjust laws. If it had not have been for Antigone publicly objecting to Creon’s law, it would probably not have been such a big issue that brought the concern of others. Antigone allowed for others to question Creon’s law and debate if it is morally right to go against the laws of the gods. Publicly refusing to follow a law brings attention to an issue that otherwise would have been ignored. One great example in our society is during the Civil Rights era; Martin Luther King Jr. ’s actions brought great attention to the issue of racial segregation. He believed that it was right to openly break a law that was not supposed to be a law at all. His actions although non-violent broke many laws that were made to impede success among the African American population in the U. S. He believed that by publicly and consciously breaking the law exposes brutality and promotes participation. In doing so, the people against the law were perceived as being brave and those watching were forced to question what was just. When issues become public and catch the interest of the majority of the people in the ‘polis’, the government is forced to do something about it. Creon responded with a stern and much too harsh punishment that led to the death of his niece, son and wife but if Antigone would not have contested his law he could have eventually reached complete domination of political power. The general population supported Antigone but they were too afraid to say anything until they finally felt that something must be done. Creon was running a totalitarian government and was corrupting the state. He was unable to see how unjust his law was until others brought it to his attention and tried to convince him that his use of power was wrong. Antigone’s defying actions instilled courage in the people to also speak against their ruler. It might be objected that when someone disobeys state laws whenever their conscience dictates they are only helping themselves, the person breaking the law is not thinking about the common good but rather fulfilling their own good or promoting anarchy. Civil disobedience may seem reasonable when we consider Martin Luther King Jr. ’s situation but it may not always be driven with good intentions. By disobeying, regardless of good or bad intentions, they are hurting the stability of the state. Creon argues, â€Å"Obedience is due to the state’ officer in small and great, just and unjust commandments†¦ (Sophocles, Antigone, 26). † Creon did not bother to judge his laws as just or unjust, he simply did what he considered was good for the state. It is thought that if people continue to please themselves in breaking the laws of the state that they will eventually break every law and lose all respect for the state. Civil disobedience may not always serve the public good and only serve to undermine order. Breaking a law weakens the state and it’s order, it promotes anarchy and disrespects authority. It should not be encouraged or tolerated. It is a civic virtue to abide by the laws of the state it is what leads to its success and stability. By breaking the law Antigone was faced with death, she claimed that she was honoring the gods and that they would honor her in the end. But one must question if honor is worth the permanence of death. Many people feel so strongly about their opinions that they are wiling to die just as Antigone did in Sophocles’ play. One notable person in history is Socrates; he willingly faced all punishments administered to him. He claimed to have had a contract with his state of Athens that obliged him to accept punishments for taking advantage of the state in the first place. This shows that even though Socrates may have broken some law, he still held respect for the state. Not every person that breaks a law is completely recalcitrant. Like Socrates, those who fight for civil rights and follow what they believe to be morally correct are aware of their wrongdoings and make it a statement when they finally submit to the law. They are submitting to punishments even if they are deemed unjust only to prove to the state that their morals are important and can withstand any punishment. In facing moral challenges one is often forced to face it is always difficult to decipher what is right and what is wrong. Everyone has different values and obligations. Here, Antigone’s values outweighed Creon’s overwhelmingly unjust laws. One must always question what is more important and find a balance between the two. Civil disobedience is allowed when the conscience dictates in situations that lead to a greater good. Not all private interests are egocentric some may also reflect the interest of the general population. Antigone, although harshly punished just as Martin Luther King, Jr. and Socrates were as well, have all rose among the common people and proved to be great. They encompassed a passion and bravery for their beliefs that was able to attract attention to conflicts in the law. Without their brave actions the state would not have been open to change and reach a new level of stability.

Approaches to Correction of Class III Skeletal Malocclusion

Approaches to Correction of Class III Skeletal Malocclusion Combined Orthodontic and Surgical Approach in the Correction of Class III Skeletal Malocclusion Dr. Abdulaziz AlShahrani Astrac While growth modification and camouflage orthodontic treatment offers a limited solution in treating some skeletal Class III malocclusion depending on the age of the patient , Underlying skeletal severity, alignment of the teeth and the vertical facial proportions, a combination of surgical and Orthodontic therapy is the treatment of choice in all severe skeletal Class III malocclusion. In this case report I present a combination of surgical-orthodontic therapy for an adult female patient with skeletal class III malocclusion which resulted in good skeletal, dental and soft tissue relationship, with marked improvement in function and facial esthetics. Keywords:Class III malocclusion, Orthognathic Surgery, surgical orthodontics Introduction Class III malocclusion is considered to be one of the most difficult and complex orthodontic problems to treat. The prevalence of class III malocclusion has been reported to be as low as 3-5% in the Caucasian population, but is higher in the Chinese and Japanese population (4-13%) (Often associated with maxillary retrusion)[i],[ii],[iii]. The etiology of class III is complex and multifactorial. However, there is usually a strong genetic contribution. Genetic factor is one of the etiological factors where one third of children with severe Class III had a parent with the same problem and one-sixth had an affected sibling[iv]. Racial tendency may play a role as the blacks have shown higher incidence than white’s[v].Environmental factors appear to play an adaptiverole in the etiology of Class III malocclusion[vi].Class III malocclusion can be associated with other factors such as cleft palate[vii]. Individuals with class III malocclusion show combinations of skeletal and dentoalveolar components. Class III malocclusion may occur as a result of protrusive mandible, retrusive maxilla, combination of both[viii]. While the most commonly found Class III malocclusion (30%) showed a combination of mandibular protrusion and maxillary retrusion, Maxillary retrusion alone was found in 19.5% of the sample and Mandibular protrusion alone was found in 19.1% of the sample[ix].These complex nature of class III requirea careful planning, amultidisciplinary approach and patient cooperation[x]. CaseReport A 17-year-old caucasian girl presented for orthodontic treatment because of referral from her dentist with primary complaint of un-esthetic facial and dental appearance. She has a hyper-divergent Class III skeletal and dental relationship. This is characterized by retrognathic maxilla, retroclined lower anterior teeth, with maximum active opening of 47mm with 5mm negative overjet and lateral excursions of 7 mm to both right and left sides. The patient has an ovoid, relatively asymmetrical face with chin slightly deviated to the left. The lip line at rest displayed approximately 2 mm of upper incisor. At full animation there was 7mm of upper incisal display and 2 mm of lower incisal edge. She has a slightly concave profile, and competent lips[Figure1]. Pretreatment extra oral photos Intraorally, the oral mucosa was healthy. There were no periodontal pockets present. The gingival tissues were inflamed especially around the prosthetic crowns. There was no bleeding tendency except sometimes with brushing. Free gingival margins were near to the CEJ and attached gingiva was of normal width throughout the mouth. The frenal attachments in both arches were normal. The tongue was normal in size, function and appearance. Teeth # 26, 36 and 46 have been crowned. There was a lingual arch placed one year ago to maintain lower incisors position. Occlusion analysis, she was in the permanent dentition and the 3rd molars were un-erupted. She has good oral hygiene. Frontal view: Shows a dental midline discrepancy. The lower dental midline is coincident with the facial midline while the upper midline is not coincident with the facial midline it’s off to the left by 2.5mm, the occlusal planewas slightly canted to the left. A negative overjet of 5 mm reported.Right and left Lateral Views Shows the canines and molars in Class III relationships. The upper occlusal view shows a U-shaped arch with well aligned anterior segment. The lower occlusal view reveals a U-shaped arch with crowding of 3.9mmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹[Figure 2]. TREATMENT OBJECTIVES Our objective is to address compensated lower incisors by proclining them to the ideal position and inclination followed by increasing the horizontal projection of the maxilla to correct upper jaw retrognathism, concave profile, class III dental relationshipand negative overiet. Increased lower facial height and hyper-divergence will be corrected byautorotation of the mandible after the advancement of the maxilla and vertical reduction genioplasty.Mandibular asymmetry will be corrected by BSSO while maintaining lower incisor position. TREATMENT PROGRESS We started Pre-surgical orthodontics using self-ligation bracket system (Roth prescription, 022†slot). Leveling and alignment of maxillary and mandibular arches began with round 0.016 niti arch wires progressing to 0.0170.025 niti arch wires. Patient was referred to extract all 3rd molars at this stage. Coordinated 0.0190.025 Stainless steel then used for arch coordination before sending the patient for surgical procedure[Figures 67]. All the movement and prediction were planned on pre-surgical lateral cephalometric x-ray using Moorres mesh as a guide. A sheet of tracing paper over the original tracing and the outline of the mandible was drawn and trimmed making a template, another template for the maxilla was produced and placed in the post-surgical position. The mandibular autorotation then simulated accordingly. The soft tissue contours then drawn using the guidelines in literatures[xi],[xii],[xiii][Figure8]. Centric relationship of Upper and lower jaws was recorded and Face bow transfer and articulation of models on a semi-adjustable articulator was done. Model surgery then performed using Erickson model blockandacrylic inter occlusal wafer splint was produced. Le fort I osteotomywas performed to advance the maxilla for 7.1 mm and Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy was carried out to correct mandibular asymmetry while maintaining the A-P position of the mandible. Vertical reduction and advancement (4mm each) genioplastythen performed to address the increased lower facial height and achieve esthetically acceptable facial profile. Rigid type of fixations were used in both arches. The patient was followed closely and the post-surgical Orthodontic was resumed 3 weeks after surgery. 0.0190.025 stainless steel changed to 0.021 Ãâ€" 0.025stainless steel to express the torque. Finishing was performed with settling elastics[figures9-12]. Six months later, fixed appliances were removed and lower fixed retainer 3-3 was cemented along with upper and lower Hawley’s retainers [figures 13 14]. Cephalometric finding shows a good skeletal, dental and soft tissue relationship and improvement in the function and facial esthetics[Table 2, Figures15-17]. pre- and post-treatment cephalometrictracings Discussion This case report presents a combination of surgical and orthodontic therapy for an adult female patient with skeletal and dental class III malocclusion. The magnitude of the problem was so severe and lies outside the envelope of possible correction by orthodontics alone[xiv]. In growing patients, early treatment with maxillary expansion and protraction can result in straightening of profile after 6 months[xv]. It can also promote more favorable psychosocial development and greater compliance[xvi]. Delaying treatment can lead to development of posterior cross bite and the subsequent development of facial asymmetry[xvii].During adulthood, correction of the Class III malocclusion usually requires complex surgical procedures to achieve a good skeletal, dental and soft tissue relationship and improve the function and facial esthetics[xviii]. In this case, our objective were achieved. Compensated lower incisors were address by proclining them to the ideal position and inclination in pre-surgical orthodontic treatmentwhile in post-surgical orthodontic treatment teeth were brought into settledocclusion. Normal skeletal relationship was achieved byLe fort I osteotomyto advance the maxilla, Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy to correct mandibular asymmetry while maintaining the A-P position of the mandible and vertical reduction and advancementgenioplasty [i] [ii] [iii] [iv] [v] [vi] [vii] [viii] [ix] [x] [xi]. [xii]. [xiii] [xiv] [xv] [xvi] [xvii] [xviii]

What Really Counts :: essays research papers

Some stories start out slowly. Some start quickly. Some, unfortunately never start at all. It was the latter that was slowly becoming the bane – or, as he saw it, the description -- of Morgan Dubois’ existence. Granted, his story was slow in forming not because of lack of effort or desire on his own part, but fizzled time and time again due to an enormous lack of cooperation from the outside world. The outside world, of course, being girls. Standing a modest six feet, two inches in height and tipping the scales at one hundred and eighty-five pounds, Morgan Debois wasn’t that demanding of attention, and his brown hair and hazel eyes – maddeningly typical, in his eyes -- did nothing to change that, much to his chagrin. Though not unattractive, Morgan never fancied himself good-looking, and though he wasn’t a heartthrob, girls never seemed to notice him, either. Unlike many other teenage boys, though, he found little solace on the athletic fields or courts of the high school scene. He wasn’t gifted in any real sense of the word, he thought. Made and played on the basketball team but never started, and with a few minor exceptions and headlines from a sectional championship relief pitching performance his junior year, the same went for football and baseball. Even Morgan himself didn’t take much from his athletic prowess, if one could call it that; when you’re a kid of above-average h eight in a school population numbering barely 170 – if all the Jarrett kids were there, the running joke was – you damn sure better play something, or you’re a queer. You were weak. Though he’d willingly concede the fact that he was nondescript and perhaps all but invisible to the girls he fancied, Morgan Dubois was no queer. He wasn’t weak. And though the thought never crossed his mind, for fear of the attention he sometimes so desperately craved, Morgan Dubois damn sure wouldn’t tolerate you thinking he was. And that declaration, though unmade as of yet, is where Morgan’s story, and ours, truly begins. I’ve got to tell you, I saw it coming. *** Solly Jarrett, on the other hand, was. He was weak. And he’d be the first one to admit it. The youngest – by six minutes; his twin sister Holly nearly edged him out for the honors – of eight children, Solly was raised in a household that had seen enough achievements, both scholastic and athletic, that he wasn’t going to get much more than a ‘good luck’ from Mom or Dad whenever he got dropped off at school or the baseball field.

The Greatest Day :: essays research papers

â€Å"Buzz† Aldrin, pilot of the Lunar module for the Apollo 11 space flight to the moon, coincided in his priest shortly before the launch of Apollo 11. Aldrin was scared that neither the Apollo 11 mission commander Neil Armstrong, nor the public would understand the social and philosophical ramifications of landing on the moon. Shortly after the Lunar Module landed at Tranquility base, on the surface of the moon on July 20, 1969, Aldrin asked NASA officials and everyone else who might be listening to take a minute of personal prayer and contemplate what man had just accomplished. Aldrin then preformed he ritual of communion in the Lunar Module. Of a Fire on the Moon, a book surrounding the events of the Apollo 11 journey to the moon, was written by Norman mailer during the historic Apollo 11 mission in 1969. Mailer was approached to write a book about the Space program shortly after he lost a highly publicized race for the Mayor of New York City. Mailer had little or no money, and was given one million-dollars to write the book. For Mailer the third week of July 1969 pointed toward an end†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦a curious depression full of fevers, forebodings, and a general sense that the century was done-it had ended in the summer of 1969. â€Å" 1. Mailer’s apocalyptic view of 1969 and the end of a century is a reoccurring theme behind Mailer’s look at the United States Space Program and the flight of Apollo 11. Mailer can only see the political goals of going to the moon, not the romanticism and spirituality that surrounded it. Mailer saw the flight of Apollo 11 as a gigantic, technological achievement, but Mailer believes the technology was developed for all the wrong reasons. 2 Throughout the first few chapter Of a Fire on the Moon, the reader becomes aware of Mailer’s stance on the United States Space Program, and Mailer’s own political and personal beliefs. Mailer was torn in his understanding of why man was attempting to travel to the moon: â€Å"Intended by divine will to travel across the heavens, we were now at the least on our way to the moon, and who could know if we were ahead or behind of some schedule the lord had presented us, a schedule which presumably each man and woman alive would keep in the depths of their unconscious along with everything else most vital for the preservation of life.

Violence in The Crusades :: essays research papers

The Crusades were a bloody time period. They were a military campaign by the pope and the Roman Catholic Church to take back Jerusalem from the Muslims. They lasted from the 11th- 13th century. They were catastrophic and left Europe in ruins. Although the Crusades were such a violent period of time, they had a positive impact in history because of their role in the renaissance and exposing the Western world to the Eastern. The Crusades were an outlet for the intense religious tension between the Muslims and the church which rose up in the late 11th century. This all started because the church and the Catholics wanted the Holy Lands back from the Muslims. Around this time the church was the biggest institute and people were god-fearing. Pope Gregory VII wanted to control more lands and wanted to get back the lands that they had lost to the Muslims (Medieval Europe). So in order to get back these lands he launched The Crusades which he insisted to the peasants was a holy war instead. A major part of the fighters in the crusades were untrained and unqualified peasants who went out to get back the holy lands for the church from the ?evil Muslims? (Medieval Europe 164-167). This was called the Peasants Crusade. In order to get these peasants, who knew no better, to go and fight the church told them that if they were to go and fight these ?horrible Muslims? then they would automatically get admission into heaven. Of course this automatically appealed to the peasants being that they were so god-fearing. They thought that if they helped the church then they would go to heaven and so they jumped at such an opportunity to get a get-into-heaven-free card. These people in all their religious glory went in and attacked the city of Nicaea (TWW, 104), and got killed. The city of Nicaea was a well fortified city controlled by Seljuk Turks. The peasants went in and attacked and literally got slaughtered. Only 2000 peasants survived their hasty attack. Unfortunately mo st of the crusades went this way(TWW) The goal of the Crusades was to regain the Holy Lands in the name of the church and drive the Muslims out of Jerusalem. Violence in The Crusades :: essays research papers The Crusades were a bloody time period. They were a military campaign by the pope and the Roman Catholic Church to take back Jerusalem from the Muslims. They lasted from the 11th- 13th century. They were catastrophic and left Europe in ruins. Although the Crusades were such a violent period of time, they had a positive impact in history because of their role in the renaissance and exposing the Western world to the Eastern. The Crusades were an outlet for the intense religious tension between the Muslims and the church which rose up in the late 11th century. This all started because the church and the Catholics wanted the Holy Lands back from the Muslims. Around this time the church was the biggest institute and people were god-fearing. Pope Gregory VII wanted to control more lands and wanted to get back the lands that they had lost to the Muslims (Medieval Europe). So in order to get back these lands he launched The Crusades which he insisted to the peasants was a holy war instead. A major part of the fighters in the crusades were untrained and unqualified peasants who went out to get back the holy lands for the church from the ?evil Muslims? (Medieval Europe 164-167). This was called the Peasants Crusade. In order to get these peasants, who knew no better, to go and fight the church told them that if they were to go and fight these ?horrible Muslims? then they would automatically get admission into heaven. Of course this automatically appealed to the peasants being that they were so god-fearing. They thought that if they helped the church then they would go to heaven and so they jumped at such an opportunity to get a get-into-heaven-free card. These people in all their religious glory went in and attacked the city of Nicaea (TWW, 104), and got killed. The city of Nicaea was a well fortified city controlled by Seljuk Turks. The peasants went in and attacked and literally got slaughtered. Only 2000 peasants survived their hasty attack. Unfortunately mo st of the crusades went this way(TWW) The goal of the Crusades was to regain the Holy Lands in the name of the church and drive the Muslims out of Jerusalem.

Nuclear Power Should Be Stopped

Since its find in 1960s by the Nipponese, atomic power had been used as one of the chief energy to bring forth power in more than 30 states in this universe. This natural resource is known as the safest energy-dense of all natural resources, where it has the ability to bring forth more electricity and heat compared to others. Unfortunately, the â€Å"March 11 temblor and tsunami† ( asiannews.net, n.d. ) had turned some portion in Japan into muddy, contaminated environment. Together with the radioactive spewed, the status in many residential countries peculiarly in Tohoku metropolis had become worse. To some people, it is being considered as a lesson that technological promotion can non ever protect states against natural catastrophes. Greenpeace, the Nipponese and Malayan authorities all have really strong points of position on the affair. In this essay I will depict and discourse their positions in order decide for myself what I believe atomic power hereafter should be. Nuclear energy derived from the interlingual rendition procedure which occurred between two dividing atoms ; Iron and smaller atoms. This was proved by utilizing Einstein ‘s celebrated expression, which is E = MC2, where M stand for mass and C represent the velocity of visible radiation ( Adamantiades, 1987 ) . In the early 1940 ‘s, research workers discovered this energy and accredited its possible to be used as a arm. Later in the 1960 ‘s, the Nipponese research workers set up several surveies and the consequence was diverting as â€Å"the newfound energy source†¦and found a place in the propulsion of the atomic naval forces, supplying pigboats with engines that could run for over a twelvemonth without refuelling† ( Adamantiades, 1987 ) . This lead to the development of atomic power where the Nipponese authorities spend more than 200 million hankerings to help atomic scientists in making engineering that could commercial the power workss. For the Nipponese authorities, the continuance of the atomic power production is important. Since the intercession of atomic power, the Nipponese had been utilizing this energy actively and until today, more than 50 reactors were built in order to bring forth this energy. This energy had already contributed 30 per centum of the state electricity and it is estimated that the per centum will be higher in five old ages. High demand for this energy from other states besides contributes to the effects. The Nipponese Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry ( METI ) reports that 60 per centum of the states in the universe that uses this energy were imported from Japan. The Nuclear and Safety Agency ( NISA ) , one of the Nipponese authorities bureaus that responsible for atomic power ordinance, licensing and safety assured that regular review has been conducted to supervise all power works therefore all citizen should non be worried. Warning dismay will be released if there any amendss in the reactors. Besides that, the authorities besides emphasize that there is an on-going research in happening ways to cut down fuel rhythm costs over the last decennaries. It will take to the cost decrease resulted from a â€Å"decrease in fuel rhythm unit costs and enhanced fuel rhythm procedure efficiency, with fuel public presentation betterment, in peculiar higher norm burn up, accounting for less than 10 per centum of the savings† ( NISA, n.d. ) . The Malayan authorities has a really similar sentiment on whether the production of atomic power should be stopped. As the universe ‘s population and living criterion are heightening, the demand for more electrical power is besides increasing. Like the Nipponese authorities, Malaysia is presently working towards implementing atomic as an alternate energy. In a imperativeness release written by Anifah Hj Aman, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Douglas Uggah Embas, Minister for the Natural Resources and Environment in 2010 they clearly province how the authorities feels about atomic energy. â€Å"Various researches and studies has been conducted to happen the best results for this affair and we think that atomic energy is one of it† , said Douglas Uggah. Besides that, they besides province that the Malayan disposal has started to recognize the importance to follow renewable energy for the state. This is because for the past half century, Malaysia has depended chiefly on oil and gas. â€Å"Being â€Å" addicted to oil † is a major national security concern for assorted grounds. Usingplug-in intercrossed electric vehicle ( PHEV ) powered by atomic reactors, we could cut down our oil demands by orders of magnitude† ( Oh Tick Hui, 2010 ) . Additionally, they besides highlighted the effects from the atomic use in making nursery gas emanation is the lowest compared to other energy. This, on occasion, will assist to cut down the pollution rate in the state. â€Å"Malaysia is one of the top 20 states in the universe with most pollution. By implementing this energy with the current system, we hope the rate of the air pollution particularly will be decrease as it does non bring forth smoke† , said Anifah Aman. When they were asked whether the consequence of the atomic waste would be a job in future, he stated that Malaysia is one of the states that are free from nature catastrophe therefore it would non be a job. â€Å"But we ever prepare f or the worse, therefore some of the safeguard will be take into consideration† , he added. ( news.malaysialivescience.com, n.d. ) While both Japanese and Malayan authorities supports the continuance of atomic power production, Greenpeace oppose it. They stated that the continuance of atomic power production, which consequences put on the lining the environment and humanity, is unacceptable. They argue atomic energy does lend to the nursery effects, clime alteration and other related catastrophes. They besides expressed their concerns as the effects â€Å"can besides result in a Chernobyl-scale accident one time every decade† ( WNO, n.d. ) regardless what atomic industry had told the world.In a recent article retrieved from www.greenpeaceinternational.com, a group of Greenpeace radiation experts blame the Nipponese authorities for the lost from the tsunami calamity, stating that the building and innovation made by the authorities are the most irresponsible in Japan history, in fact the most condemnable act of all time done on this planet. â€Å"Japan has poured in 1000000s of dollars to make high velocit y trains that can shuttle people over 100s of kilometers with speed†¦but this superb engineering that touts convenience and economic addition can non impede it from disasters† ( Greenpeace International, n.d. ) . They besides classified the Nipponese authorities and its ally action in edifice more and more atomic power works in the state as forcing away the dark history, where the power works are somewhat the most unsafe devices that adult male has of all time created and have taken infinite figure of lives. However, there is conflicting grounds on how Nipponese people view the importance of atomic power. Harmonizing to the Nipponese Nuclear and Industry Safety Agency ( NISA ) , the Nipponese economic system will non fall in although the calamity sunk its chief atomic power system. They believe that the Japanese will retrieve enormously, the same during the Hiroshima and Nagasaki calamity which was overcome in what is known as the Nipponese ‘economic miracle ‘ ( NISA, n.d. ) . Japan won regard from people around the universe for the rise of its state, bring forthing good educated young persons, and contriving an advanced engineering system. Not merely that, NISA besides sprang back Greenpeace statement stating that the engineerings finally saved more than 30 per centum of its existent lost in Tsunami calamity. In a study conducted by NISA, it was revealed that many states praise the Nipponese authorities action by making engineerings and machines that could dismay them about the nature disasters two times faster so the normal machine. This can be compared with what go on to Indonesia in 2004. Although the graduated table of the temblor in Tohoku is much higher than one that work stoppage Acheh, the Numberss of victims are 90 per centums less compared to the Indonesians which killed more than 140,000 lives seven old ages ago. ( NISA, n.d. ) In decision, with the demandof energy beginning that has been and will go on to increase each twelvemonth, I believe that the production of atomic power should non be stopped. Both Nipponese and Malayan authorities ‘s purposes for the continuance are strong and valid. Greenpeace fails to make an statement that can vie. Clearly, atomic energy has a figure of advantages that highlights its capableness in going one of the most demanding energy to the universe. It is without a uncertainty that I believe such jobs will non originate if energy providers can guarantee that they do non lend to short and long-run environmental jobs, authoritiess can vouch that energy is generated safely and will non harm both human and environment, and citizens can do certain they conserve every bit much as they can so there will be adequate beginnings for their future coevalss.

Sex and Death in LA

Wait, people won't believe she tried killing herself, what if I say she fell off her commode and blame someone else. I picked Miss Jenkins up from the floor and laid her on the couch, I put some clothes on her because she enjoyed sleeping half naked. I took the beer she had opened and grabbed the half empty bottle of sleeping pills and placed them on the table right next to Miss Jenkins. I grabbed Buffy's rhinestone leash and headed out with my precious Lhasa apso dog. As soon as I was walking out the building, I saw the doorman and remembered I had to tell im about Miss Jenkins. â€Å"Doorman.I need you to run upstairs to my apartment and call a doctor. † â€Å"Why? What's the matter? † he said. â€Å"Miss Jenkins fell off her commode and is in serious pain. She needs a doctor right away. † â€Å"Okay I'll call a doctor and I'll tell him to check up on her. † â€Å"Fine, I will be back in a few, I need to walk my dog. And do not steal anything from my ap artment. † I said. While walking with Buffy, I couldn't help but to be happy, things will get better between the two of us. We'll be happy again, and all the fighting will stop. I was so appy, I ended the walk with Buffy short, to go make sure the doorman had called the doctor.As I walked towards the building I noticed he wasn't in the front where he usually stands. He must be upstairs with the doctor now. As soon as I walked into my apartment, I saw another person leaning over Miss Jenkins. I assumed I was being robbed by the doorman and this stranger, IVe never seen before. I quickly questioned the stranger what was he doing here. He didn't look like a doctor, he seemed too young to be a doctor. The doorman reassured me he was a neighbor of mine and was also a doctor. I questioned if he was a doctor like he says, why isn't he helping her?I saw him reach over Miss Jenkins and hurt Buffy, I began to scream, mfou bastard! You bastard! Hurting a poor, innocent dog! † I sta rted kicking him, he nurt my baby. I heard a loud knock on the door, I began screaming again mfou robbed me, you robbed me! † Whoever was knocking on the door, told us to stand clear of the door, they were coming through. â€Å"Shit, Cops! † screamed the doorman â€Å"So? † said the doctor â€Å"I'm carrying! † â€Å"Aha, I knew it! † I said as I was opening the door to see a fireman with his ax upraised. He was trying to hack down my door.

Martin Luther King Essay

America was experiencing a situation of chaos in the 1950s when the African Americans and the people of color began to rise for the fight of equality and freedom, and racial differences were realized. Initially, blacks and colored were widely discriminated. There were separate restaurants for white and the colored; separate educational institutes and likewise, separate hotels and motels and other public places. Blacks were not given employments on the basis of race and color and the ratio of black working men was almost negligible. They were not even given the right to vote. Cases of police violation on blacks were tremendous. As a result, gradual frustration began bottling up in the blacks. Finally, much to their relief, a decision by the Supreme Court, Brown v. Board of Education was issued in favor of the blacks. This decision given on May 17, 1954, recognized the discrimination against blacks in the field of education and declared that separate educational institutes resulted in unequal educational opportunities. Thus, it ordered all states to combine the blacks and white into same classrooms. However, the country, particularly the Southern part of America, was reluctant in carrying out the court order and hence, many years passed but the order failed to be put into operation. That is when Martin Luther King Jr. appeared. King had been working for equality and justice of blacks for a long time and was one of the prominent leaders in this movement. In order to spring the court order into action and protest for freedom, King along with other more than 250,000 individuals led a march to Lincoln Memorial on August 28, 1963, also known as the March on Washington. This rally included many other eminent characters such as actor Sidney Poitier, and labor leader Walter Reuther. All these influential heads addressed the audience and expressed their feelings individually; however, it was King’s speech; ‘I have a dream’ marked a landmark in civil right movement history. (Wikipedia, 1) About Martin Luther King Jr Born in January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Martin Luther King was the son of Reverend Martin Luther King, Sr. and a brother of two siblings. He earned his Bachelors degree in 1948 in sociology and then completed his Bachelor of Divinity degree afterwards. In 1955, he did his PhD from Boston University. Afterwards, he became a Baptist minister but then turned his focus towards the civil rights movement and fighting for the freedom of the blacks. He contributed to the establishment of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and also led the Montgomery Bus Boycott. He was the orator of the memorial speech ‘I have a dream’. He received Nobel Peace Price for his efforts to eliminate racial discriminations. He was also declared â€Å"Man of the Year† by Times Magazine. King was shot dead on April 4, 1968 in Lorraine Motel in Memphis. Martin Luther King Jr. Day was later established in his memory. (Wikipedia,1) Analysis of the Speech Style There is an element of emotional appeal in King’s speech. Rich in vocabulary, it is drenched in symbolism. The speech begins with an attention-grasping phrase and positive connotations. In fact, in the entire speech, whenever the future of blacks is mentioned, King has used strong and healthy words reflecting hope and an optimist approach. The first half of the speech; however, exposes the horrible reality the blacks faced. It narrates the story of thousands of blacks who were divested of their basic rights because of their coloring. King has made use of several phrases to describe the gloomy life of African Americans such as â€Å"the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. † (Alvarez, 339) King’s background as Baptist also came useful in his speech as it reminds many of the blacks’ Baptist sermons. It contains references from Bible; for example, his sentence, â€Å"It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity’ in the second stanza indicates to Psalm 30:5. Other allusions are found from Amos 5:24 and Isaiah 40:4. † (Wikipedia, 1) At the same time, the speech also reflects the Abraham Lincoln’s style in his Gettysburg Address when he uses the term, ‘Five score years ago’. (Public broadcasting service,1) Here again, the purpose of alluding to Lincoln in the commencing lines of speech is symbolic that is, he refers back to a leader who had fought the Southern states over the issue of slavery. In this way, King is reminding the whites that the slaves of in the 19th century and the blacks of 20th century shared a similar tragedy and the same repressive power. After emptying out his feelings of sorrow and despair for the African Americans, the speech then moves to the phase mirroring hope and about demanding their rights. Here, King uses the term ‘check’ to refer to their rights. (Heath, 146) His expressions such as ‘bank of justice’ and ‘riches of freedom’ compel any man of heart to melt and feel their pain. (Heath, 148) They are also an evident of his literacy exposure and knowledge which was rare in blacks at that time. Plus, these words depict a feeling of hope thriving in the speech. The way King demands for blacks’ right is purely beautiful and saintly as he says, ‘And so, we’ve come to cash this check’. (Alvarez, 352) Next, the speech emphasizes the significance of democracy and need to work together to achieve that state of democracy. Here, ‘Now is the time’ has been accentuated four times in the entire paragraph to demonstrate the critical requirement of acting promptly, without any further delay. (Alvarez, 355) He then refers this discrimination as a weakness of America that needs to be removed in order to achieve the nation’s mutual objectives. Here, King has used the technique of reaching the subconscious by using such words such as ‘children of God’ which itself defines that all blacks and whites are brothers. (Wikipedia 1) Hence, in this way, he didn’t have to say it directly and the message was also conveyed. While he talks of brotherhood and the need to put aside the differences and work together, he also issues a warning for the conflicting parties of the consequences if such circumstances failed to occur and promises the nation that they will struggle to fight and rebel until they were not granted their rights. This is evident from this sentence, ‘The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges. ’ (Alvarez, 338) Nevertheless, King was against violence and sermonized the message of peace. Hence, the main objective of King in this rally was also to communicate his message in a non-violent manner. After encouraging the blacks to continue the fight, the speech moves to its second half – the part about his dream –an American dream. Here, ‘I have a dream today! ’ is repeated at intervals to indicate that the dream must be accomplished immediately and not in some future time. The most popular phrase of this speech ‘I have a dream’ is repeated eight times. (Wikipedia, 1) In this part of the speech that is about his dream, he has offered the image of a united country; a country free of discrimination and hatred; a liberal state. This part is highly rhetorical and lulls the audience into another world the world he yearns to create. His words carry such weight that the audience is bound to share his dream even if they deny it. At the end of the speech, he has named several different states of America. The reason was to make it clear that they want respect, dignity and equality in not just some parts of America but in fact, the entire country. This point was explicitly a clear indication for the Southern states. The concluding stanzas contain a stimulating phrase, ‘Let freedom ring! ’ and ‘Free at last! ’ (Alvarez, 351) The absorbing aspect of this speech is its rhythmical flow. The speech begins with a background of the black citizens’ existing situation and the crisis they are facing. It then proposes the solution to their dilemma; followed by the explanation of the reason of why this solution should be implemented. For this part, King uses number of tools such as facts and emotional appeal. At the end, in order to provoke the feeling of urgent execution of his solution, he shares with the audience a stirring dream i. e. his vision of the ideal situation that would prevail if his proposed solution was put into practice. Techniques Used The climax of the speech is distressing yet uplifting. The beginning stanzas reveal the sad state of blacks in America but the approach of the speech is highly optimistic and inspires the blacks to continue their struggle and the whites to bury their axes and embrace their black brothers. The technique of anaphora has been widely employed. Anaphora is the repetition of same word or phrase again and again at the beginning of sentences. For example, the most extensively used anaphora, also the title of this speech, is ‘I have a dream’. Similarly, other examples of this tool are ‘One hundred years ago’, ‘Let freedom ring’, and ‘With this faith’, along with many others. (Wikipedia, 1) The speech is filled with metaphors. For instance, ‘long night of their captivity’ refers to their sufferings and ‘nation’s capital to cash a check’ points to their purpose of protest. At the same time, ‘this nation will rise up’ is again an indication of the coming revolution. Similarly, ‘I have a dream that my four children’ refers to the black community in reality and the word my gives it a personal touch. (Heath, 160) In fact, King has personalized the entire message by using the words you, my and me. The wealth of this speech is its exquisite vocabulary. Words are skillfully manipulated in such a way that they attach a new meaning to every phrase. The popularity of this speech also owns to this factor. In addition, the quantity and quality of information and words reveal King’s extensive research done before delivering the speech, plus his vast knowledge since it contains references from the Bible, The Gettysburg Address and the US Declaration of Independence. (Public broadcasting service,1) Hence, King has used various techniques and tools in this address including facts, anaphora, metaphors, motivation, visualization, arguments and persuasion. The entire speech is highly figurative and symbolic. In fact, the rally outside the Lincoln’s Memorial is symbolic in itself: they were standing outside the steps of Lincoln Memorial i. e. the memorial of a leader who abolished slavery in the Southern states. (Wikipedia, 1) Conclusion The most distinguished fact about this march was its non-violent approach and this speech is its leading example. While its majority of audience was black; its main target was the white people. While he talked of revolution; his speech contained a message of peace. It was able to answer the meaningless questions of the opposing parties and warn them of the consequences of denying the blacks their rights without any form of hostility. In other words, it instilled in the whites a feeling of guilt and humbleness which proved to be enough to achieve their objective. At the same time, it prodded the colored citizens to keep their hopes high and not to rest until they were ‘free at last! It also motivated President Kennedy to extend his support for this issue. The context of the speech and of the surroundings also became one of the reasons for the popularity of the speech. His speech articulated the feelings of all colored citizens and his voice became the voice of all black citizens. To sum up, King’s speech ‘I have a dream’ touches the depth of the hearts and captures the minds. Its words were able to bring tears in the eyes at that time and carry a captivating effect on the readers even today. With tools such as anaphora and metaphors employed, the speech holds an air of charisma. It shakes the souls of the slumbering and the unjust alike. All in all, the linguistic power of the speech is what makes it stand out from the rest and gain the status of one of the most influential speeches ever delivered. Bibliography Alvarez, Alexandra. â€Å"Martin Luther King’s ‘I Have a Dream’: The Speech Event as Metaphor,† Journal of Black Studies 18 1988: 337-57. Heath, Robert. â€Å"Black Rhetoric: An Example of the Poverty of Values† Southern Speech Communication Journal 39 1973: 145-60