Small bus assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Little transport task - Essay Example In this manner, it tends to be said that establishing Urban Decay is a subsequent stage in the wake of leaving Cisco Systems. The possibility of Sandy Lerner transformed into the open door with the way that it was appealing to clients (multicolor appearance) as showed up in customary occasions. Likewise, she figured out how to locate an energetic colleague in her business, Wende Zomnir. The pertinent base of chance for this situation is the difference in the one element in previously existing item. In the given case, the plan to include new hues in previously existing beautifying agents made this business effective in that time. The future for Urban Decay as an autonomous player isn't clear, in light of the fact that the plan to utilize various hues in beauty care products appears to lose its reality. By the by, the idea of this open door can possibly create, in light of the fact that our reality is brimming with hues. What's more, ladies need to utilize beauty care products to be one of a kind and delightful. Along these lines, current effective deal movement and relying upon L’Oreal Cosmetics is a sensible decision for this

Sigmund Freud Essay -- Biographies Biography Freud Psychologist Essays

Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud was conceived May 6, 1856. He was conceived in a little, overwhelmingly Roman Catholic town called Freiburg, in Movaria-now known as Czechoslovakia. He was brought into the world the child of Jacob Freud, a Jewish fleece dealer, and his third spouse, Amalia.      Jacob Freud and Amalia Nathanson were hitched in 1855. Freud was conceived of a solitary and odd marriage. Rather than his mother’s youth, twenty years old, his dad was moderately aged at forty years old, and had two children from a past marriage, both of whom were more seasoned than his new spouse. Actually, Phillip, the more established of the two was himself a dad of two kids, John and Pauline, when Freud was conceived. Freud was brought into the world an uncle, however he was in certainty a year more youthful than his nephew John, and just somewhat more youthful than his niece Pauline, both of who were companions of his adolescence. This was to be Amalia’s first youngster, her dear, Sigmund.      When Freud was conceived in 1856, Jacob and Amalia Freud were pitifully poor. They consumed a solitary leased room in a modest house. Jacob and Amalia were Jewish; be that as it may, the Catholic Church ruled the town of Freiburg. Beside the congregation, the main attractions were an attractive market square and welcoming environmental factors that highlighted stretches of ripe farmland, thick woods, and delicate slopes. At the hour of Freud’s birth, the town had more than 4,500 occupants, with just around 130 of them being Jewish. Correspondingly, as of now, to be Jewish intended to be an individual from an exceptionally obvious and abused minority.      Before Freud was even two years of age, in 1857, Amalia was pregnant with another youngster. Since his family array was so unordinary, to him, his mom appeared to be far superior coordinated with his relative than his dad, yet it was his dad that common his mother’s bed. Freud by one way or another came to accept that his relative Philipp had assumed his father’s position as a contender for his mother’s friendship. He saw these things as exceptionally confusing. His psyche comprised of these things: his mom pregnant with an opponent, his relative in some strange way his mother’s buddy, and his benevolent dad mature enough to be his granddad. This maybe prompted his distraction with sexual issues. Unexpectedly, Freud’s new adversary, Anna Freud, was conceived in 1885.      Then, in 1859, maybe because of the decay of the material market combined with an expansion with ... ...he was unable to acknowledge it probably won't be normal to other people. The youthfulness if his thoughts on the relations of people are bewildering, for no place in his works is it conceivable to derive he knew about the enthusiasm, delicacy, verse and magnificence of adoration nor all the shades of respect, warmth and fellowship which are not explicitly propelled. Moreover, his thought that in dreams the episodes of youth are remembered again in the present likewise point to some imbued qualities of youthfulness. Freud’s enthusiastic mentalities in adulthood proceeded with consistent with his youth molding; they never showed signs of change.      Freud read himself into each part of his clinical practice. His case chronicles and mental hypotheses focused upon himself. He was his own preferred patient. Freud’s certainty was regularly founded on his ability for self-entrancing which fooled him into accepting his considerations were incredibly splendid, had happened to no other previously and enormously enhanced the world’s information. Any resistance was a brutal takeoff from the worship, which inevitably turned into an imperative need of his tendency. In truth, all of analysis applied to Freud alone, and to no other.

Human Reource management for Samsung Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Reource the board for Samsung - Essay Example The hierarchical structure additionally decides the methodologies utilized in dynamic. This paper will introduce a report on the systems that Samsung can embrace to enroll superior and guarantee an ideal workplace. Inspiration and Reward This area will introduce an examination of the inspiration and prize system utilized by Samsung. In an offer to spur its laborers, Samsung has a cutting edge procedure, which offers the laborers with a different scope of potential outcomes. First of all, the directors in Samsung have ensured that the working hour-plan suits the representatives in adjustment to their inclinations, a factor that guarantees that individuals are energetic of each day’s work. Representatives have a make rising way in the organization, with the alternative to stay at the degree of an individual supporter or become a supervisor (Pattanayak, 2005). It gives the representative mindfulness that on the off chance that he works superbly, he will probably climb in the chai n of command, and get a greater compensation and additional advantages. It is a solid inspirational factor as the worker gets a sufficient test, and the results of remaining with the organization. Samsung has received a â€Å"pick your package† style of advantages for the workers. ... In addition, Samsung is dealing with improving their work environment to offer a free providing food, Starbucks rec center, and social club nearby. Some discretionary advantages incorporate get-togethers, occasions, exercises inside the organization, and some more, to keep up a decent connection between the organization and the staff. This human asset methodology has indicated its suitability as prove by its reception by organizations, for example, Google and Kaspersky labs. The criticism gathered from the workers shows a sentiment of fulfillment and a will to advance inside the organization (Pattanayak, 2005). Obviously, Samsung has accomplished its objective as far as inspiration and prize. Samsung has additionally considered building up objective motivating forces. This is an extra exhibition based compensation framework to remunerate representatives for development in their work effectiveness. This framework makes use some portion of the additional benefit produced as a result of the viable execution of the administration, human asset, offices, and innovation of our organization (Lindholm, Yarrish, &Zaballero, 2012). At the point when a specialty unit accomplishes great business execution, it apportions some portion of the additional benefit to officials and representatives. Under this framework, some portion of an employee’s pay is resolved dependent on the aggregate execution of the gathering. This is a variable prize framework, under which administrators and workers get some portion of the benefit in situations where a superior that surpasses the objective is enlisted. Hierarchical Change and Culture This segment depicts Samsung's authoritative change and culture, with deference to RensisLikert’s participative dynamic hypothesis. As indicated by this hypothesis, managers should try to permit

Phosphorus Binders for Hyperphosphatemia Treatment

Phosphorus Binders for Hyperphosphatemia Treatment In the number of inhabitants in 385 people that have created end stage renal sickness in the United States, around 250,000 people have a condition called hyperphosphatemia (Fink Vincent, 2011, p. 194). This condition is characterized by â€Å"a serum phosphate level above 4.5 mg/dL; it might be clinically huge at levels more than 5 mg/dL† (Fink Vincent, 2011, p.195). Individuals with kidney ailment can't sift through phosphorus any longer, thusly bringing about overabundance measures of it (Malberti, 2013). Phosphorus in little amounts are useful for the body; notwithstanding, if the degree of phosphorus surpasses a specific sum, it very well may be perilous in light of the fact that it can drain calcium, which is basic to the body (Fink Vincent, 2011). An overabundance brings about an organ in the neck to discharge a hormone which discharges calcium out of the bones. Consequently, the bones turn frail and weak, which can in the end lead to bone infections (National Kidney Fou ndation, Inc., 2013). Kidney disappointment prompts increments in serum levels of phosphorus. Without end-stage renal infection, hyperphosphatamia is treated with â€Å"phosphate discharge utilizing saline implantation (volume diuresis) and diuretic administration† (Fink Vincent, 2011). Medications used to treat this are oral phosphate folios, since they decline the assimilation of phosphate (Provider Synergies, L.L.C., 2009). In the paper, the various kinds of phosphorus fasteners that are utilized to treat patients with hyperphosphatemia brought about by End Stage Renal Disease and how does their concoction structure influence their adequacy as medication will be investigated. A wide scope of phosphate folios is at present accessible for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in CKD patients. These operators are commonly isolated into two primary classes: calcium-based covers (calcium carbonate and acetic acid derivation) and without calcium covers (aluminum hydroxide, lanthanum carbonate, magnesium carbonate) (Malberti 2013). Since current phosphate covers are comparable in the viability of bringing down serum phosphorus levels, the fundamental contemplations are the antagonistic responses, gastrointestinal bearableness, absorbability, and cost-adequacy (Malberti, 2013). Aluminum hydroxide is a strong phosphate fastener, yet â€Å"concern about skeletal, hematological and neurological poisonousness prompted a supported utilization of calcium salts (carbonate and acetic acid derivation) in the 1990s† C. The KDIGO suggest maintaining a strategic distance from long haul utilization of aluminum hydroxide particularly in patients with ceaseless kidney illne ss stages three to five (Malberti, 2013). Calcium acetic acid derivation and calcium carbonate are regularly viewed as present standard treatment, since they successfully lower serum phosphorus levels. Accordingly, these two calcium-containing folios can be viewed as practically identical for adequacy in charge of hyperphosphatemia, impacts on mineral digestion limitations and passableness (Provider Synergies, L.L.C., 2009). Sevelamer carbonate has demonstrated practically identical adequacy and security to sevelamer hydrochloride in dialysis patients and is shown to bring down serum phosphorus likewise in hyperphosphatemic incessant kidney infections stage 3â€5 patients not on dialysis (Provider Synergies, L.L.C., 2009). Portion titration of sevelamer can assist patients with either incessant kidney malady stages 3â€5 arrive at a high pace of phosphate control (Arroyo et al., 2014). Lanthanum carbonate is a non-calcium-based phosphate folio provided as a chewable tablet of th ree dose qualities (500, 750 and 1,000 mg of basic lanthanum) that has been demonstrated to be compelling in decreasing phosphorus in momentary clinical preliminaries (Malberti, 2013). Calcium and aluminum salts are normally utilized. By the by, calcium salts can prompt hypercalcemia and metastatic calcification due to high calcium-phosphorus (Ca Ãâ€"PO4) and aluminum salts are exceptionally poisonous (Malberti, 2013). Constant administration of hyperphosphatamia included medications with without calcium phosphate covers like sevelamer hydrochloride [Renagel] which may diminish long haul mortality by forestalling the cardiovascular complexities that related with a high Ca Ãâ€"PO4 item (Provider Synergies, L.L.C., 2009). In 2003, the National Kidney Foundation discharged principles and rules about how to oversee hyperphosphatemia and bone-related clutters in patients with renal impedance (NIH., 2012). The Kidney Disease Quality Outcome Initiative (NKF-K/DQOIâ„ ¢) states that patients who are on dialysis ought to have serum phosphorus levels between 3.5 to 5.5 mg/dL (1.13 to 1.78 mmol/L) (National Kidney Foundation, Inc., 2012). Treatment choices incorporate â⠂¬Å"reduction of dietary phosphorus, phosphate restricting treatment, and expulsion of phosphorus by dialysis† (Provider Synergies, L.L.C., 2009). Magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) is a phosphorus fastener with focal points as far as cost, wellbeing and resilience and it has a comparable adequacy to different medications. This source evaluate the impacts of supplanting aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH3)] with MgCO3to help treat patients with hyperphosphatemia (Malberti, 2013). MgCO3 is another kind of phosphorus cover yet isn't as usually utilized as calcium acetic acid derivation or sevelamer hydrochloride (Malberti, 2013). Twenty-one patients with â€Å"phosphorus 3) as the main folio. At that point there was a transformation to MgCO3 â€Å" (Arroyo et al, 2014). Hyperphosphatemia diminished from 4.52â ±0.99 to 4.02â ±1.07mg/dl (P=.027),. In patients who were formerly taking MgCO3allowed great control of serum phosphorus in hemodialysis patients who were beforehand very much controlled with Al(OH3), MgCO3 â€Å"permitted great control of serum phosphorus levels despite the fact that there was a slight increment in serum magnesiumâ₠¬ , yet that had momentary clinical importance (Arroyo et al, 2014). Aluminum hydroxide is an amazing folio and was verifiably used to treat patients with hyperphosphatemia, but since of its high poisonousness levels (Floege et al. 2014). Patients were chosen from a hemodialysis unit that had sufficient control of serum phosphorus levels and were on Al(OH)3 fastener monotherapy and required continuation (Arroyo et al, 2014). An investigation was led that tried the effectiveness of another iron-based phosphate fastener. PA21 (sucroferric oxyhydroxide), a â€Å"novel sans calcium polynuclear iron(III)- oxyhydroxide phosphate cover, was contrasted and that of sevelamer carbonate in randomized, controlled stage III study† (Floege et al. 2014). 700 and seven hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients with hyperphosphatemia got PA21 1.0â€3.0㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬ °g every day and 348 got sevelamer 4.8â€14.4㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬ °g every day for a two months, trailed by about a month without portion change, and afterward 12 weeks upkeep (Floege et al. 2014). Adequacy was kept up to week 24. â€Å"Mild, transient the runs, stained excrement, and hyperphosphatemia were increasingly visit with PA21; sickness and stoppage were progressively visit with sevelamer† and he PA21 upkeep portion was better than the low portion in keeping up serum phosphorus control (Floege et al. 2014). Along these lines, PA21 was compelling in bringing down serum phosphorus in dialysis patients, with comparative viability to sevelamer carbonate, a lower pill weight, and better adherence (Floege et al. 2014). PA21 (sucroferric oxyhydroxide) is a â€Å"new sans calcium polynuclear iron(III)- oxyhydroxide phosphate cover with a high phosphate restricting limit over a wide pH range† (Pennick et al 2012).12 It is planned as enhanced, chewable tablets that crumble effectively in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, tie phosphate over the entire physiologically important pH extend, each contain 500㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬ °mg of iron, and might be taken without water (Floege et al. 2014). Phosphorus fasteners decline the retention of phosphorus in the gastrointestinal tract (Provider Synergies, L.L.C., 2009). They are â€Å"simple atomic substances yet can likewise be polymeric structures that dilemma with phosphorus in the body and structure an insoluble compound† (Provider Synergies, L.L.C., 2009). A few covers function as a wipe and absorb the phosphorus stuck nourishments while others tough situation to the phosphate and are then discharged (NIH., 2012). Calcium-containing salts are utilized to tie with phosphorus and to expand calcium levels. The most regularly utilized calcium containing salt is calcium acetic acid derivation (PhosLo) (Provider Synergies, L.L.C., 2009). Sevelamer (Renagel, Renvela) is a non-calcium, non-aluminum, non-magnesium, non-absorbable hydrogel that ties phosphorus. Sevelamer comes in two salt structures †sevelamer hydrochloride (Renagel) and sevelamer carbonate (Renvela) (Provider Synergies, L.L.C., 2009). Sevelamer yields a similar decrease in serum phosphate levels as calcium acetic acid derivation however doesn't have a similar danger of hypercalcemia since it doesn't contain calcium. Lantanum carbonate (Fosrenol) is another phosphate fastener (Provider Synergies, L.L.C., 2009). Lantanum has a high partiality for phosphorus and is a piece of the lanthanide arrangement. It responds with phosphorus to shape the insoluble compound lanthanum phosphate(Provider Synergies, L.L.C., 2009). At the point when calcium acetic acid derivation and sevelamer hydrochloride were looked at for effectiveness, 84 patients were randomized to calcium acetic acid derivation or sevelamer for about two months (Arroyo et al., 2014). A comparative outcome was seen between the calcium acetic acid derivation and (sevelamer - 2.0â ±2.3mg/dL versus calcium acetic acid derivation - 2.1â ±1.9 mg/dL) (Arroyo et al., 2014). Be that as it may, Hypercalcemia (serum calcium >11 mg/dL) was seen in 22 percent of patients accepting cal cium acetic acid derivation (Provider Synergies, L.L.C., 2009). These are the different sorts of phosphorus fasteners used to treat patients with hyperphosphatemia brought about by End Stage Renal Disease. The concoction piece influences their cost, toxitity, and how they work inside the body. There are new revelations as examined about the iron based phosphorus fastener. This sort of phosphate fastener is being tried hide

Blog Archive June 24 Choosing the Right Business Schools (New York)

Blog Archive June 24 Choosing the “Right” Business Schools (New York) Which MBA program is right for me? How can I find the best fit? Jeremy Shinewald, Founder and President of mbaMission, will help prospective MBAs understand the differences that exist among top MBA programs. During this session, Jeremy will elaborate on areas that will profoundly affect your academic and social lives in b-school including the flexibility of a program’s curriculum, breadth of core courses, different methods of instruction, varying sizes of the cohorts and more. Start preparing now so you can be sure to make an educated decision when you apply! Jeremy will remain  available after the event  to discuss your personal inquiries and answer any questions on the admissions process. Join us for this valuable event that will be essential to your B-School planning! All attendees  will receive: $100 off any 9-session ManhattanGMAT course Free access to a ManhattanGMAT computer adaptive practice exam Free half hour consultation with an mbaMission consultant Sign up today! Share ThisTweet mbaMission Events

Why Be an Intern 4 Reasons You Should Consider Getting an Internship

Internships are time consuming, energy consuming, and frequently unpaid. Taking internships often means filling time that might otherwise be spent on classes or extracurricular activities and spending that time completing low-level work from an organization you likely wont be affiliated with for more than a few months. So why are they so useful, and why is competition for them often so fierce? The answer is that the benefits of an internship goes far beyond an interns (often boring) day-to-day workload. Here are a few: 1) Insight Into a Career Track There is no better way to learn whether a career track is right for you or whether a particular field is right for you than to observe and meet people who are in it, and to be in it yourself. Often, interns gain just as much, if not more, from shadowing and observing company staff as they do from completing their own assignments. 2) Connections Being in a work environment in your desired field means being regularly exposed to professionals in that realm. Internships are great networking opportunities; the connections you make as an intern can potentially open doors to future internships, study and research opportunities, and even job positions after graduation. 3) Resume Boosters Internships look great on resumes because they show that you havent just looked at a subject in theory through classes and textbooks youve tried it out in practice and gained perspective on the practicalities, frustrations, and other everyday realities involved in that line of work. If you continue pursuing positions in that field, whether in the form of more internships or longer-term employment, having an internship on your resume tells potential employers that you understand the work youre getting into and have useful skills and experience to apply to it. 4) Practice In nearly every field, working life is very different from student life in terms of hours, expectations, environment, social surroundings, and more. As such, the transition from studying a field to working in it can be a difficult one. Interning helps you to transition more slowly into working life: having fewer responsibilities and less expected of you than other full-time staff will allow you space to learn time management, to adapt to a new rhythm of life and work, and to even make a few mistakes. Do you still need to help with your  college applications? We can help! Visit our  College Admissions  website and fill out our  FREE Profile Evaluation for personalized feedback on your unique background!  And as always, be sure to follow us on Facebook, YouTube, Google+, and  Twitter! Courtney Tran is a student at UC Berkeley, studying Political Economy and Rhetoric. In high school, she was named a National Merit Finalist and National AP Scholar, and she represented her district two years in a row in Public Forum Debate at the National Forensics League National Tournament.

Bisiness - 730 Words

Target market #1 Food wholesalers [pic] fairway market Fairway market locates in British Columbia. They have stores at Victoria which is the 15th largest metropolitan region in Canada. The produce department offers the best variety and quality of organic foods. Today’s customers are focused on buying local whenever possible. At Fairway Markets, They are proud to be the conduit to bring local and international agriculture to customers neighborhood via their stores. (Fairway market) PPL is an international company, they produce premium and organic pistachios witch fits the requirements of fairway market. In terms of the products they offer, PPL has highly potential to get the shelf space in fairway market. [pic] Longo Longo†¦show more content†¦Hence, PPL can provide the products that satisfy the needs of whole foods market. Target market #2 Sporting Venues ââ€"   Commonwealth Stadium ââ€"   Rogers Centre Rogers centre locates in Toronto. Its capacity is 53,506. It is one of the most dynamic and versatile entertainment centres in the world. So far, rogers centre has achieved the highest honours in the stadium entertainment industry and is a leader in corporate environmental responsibility. (Rogers Centre) As a premium stadium, the quality of foods they sell are also high-end. In the meantime, rogers centre is associated with environment protection. Pistachios are high quality nuts, and its shells can be recycled. Hence, PPL has advantages to build business relationship with rogers centre. And once they agree to sell it, the amount will be large. ââ€"   BC place BC place is built in Vancouver. It has 54,320 capacity. Meanwhile, the facilities are going to be improved and renewed which will be more efficient and save more energy. BC place also pursue greener day-to-day operations. They are developing an integrated waste management program to reduce waste and expand recycling. (BC place) In terms of their become green policy, the products they sell should also be green. PPL has the best quality of pistachios which are environment friendly. Therefore, BC place will be their potential client. And they will have large quantity demanded. Points of differenceShow MoreRelatedPublic Administrator Restrictions Essay669 Words   |  3 Pagesthe service delivery to react in a timely and efficient manner.   Public management today would seem to favor a more decentralized type of administration. Delegation of discretion and empowering of employees has made customers expect a more flexible bisiness transaction for their goods and services.  The use of the current market to assess the effectiveness of competition and customer service can help to improve performance.   Allowing a more decentralized approach may also achieve accountability throughRead MoreSigm An Information Technology1311 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Gantt charts for timelines. †¢ It s comfortable with the tools which is company already use: Excel exports use this tool for calculation purpose. †¢ Low monthly subscription pricing: There are a different plans available for suit your different bisiness. Access and equity Read MoreWestern Managers And Chinese Managers Essay1729 Words   |  7 Pagessome day? Explain. 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Saluer - to greet, salute - French Verb Conjugation

The  French verb  saluer means to greet or salute  but can also mean  to take ones leave. Find simple conjugations for this regular -er verb in the tables below. Conjugations of Saluer Present Future Imperfect Present participle je salue saluerai saluais saluant tu salues salueras saluais il salue saluera saluait nous saluons saluerons saluions vous saluez saluerez saluiez ils saluent salueront saluaient Pass compos Auxiliary verb avoir Past participle salu Subjunctive Conditional Pass simple Imperfect subjunctive je salue saluerais saluai saluasse tu salues saluerais saluas saluasses il salue saluerait salua salut nous saluions saluerions salumes saluassions vous saluiez salueriez salutes saluassiez ils saluent salueraient salurent saluassent Imperative tu salue nous saluons vous saluez Verb conjugation patternSaluer  is a  regular -ER verb

Flannery OConnor Essay - 1299 Words

Flannery OConnor Flannery O’Connor and the Relationship Between Two of Her Stories Flannery O’Connor was born Mary Flannery O’Connor on March 25, 1925 in Savannah, Georgia, as the only child to Edward F. O’Connor, Jr., and Regina (Cline) O’Connor. Later in 1941, Flannery O’Connor’s father dies of lupus while O’Connor is in Milledgeville, Ga. After her father’s death, O’Connor rarely speaks of him and continues to be active in school projects such as drawing, reading, writing, and playing instraments. Further, in the summer of 1942, O’Connor graduates and enters Georgia State College for Women as a sociology and English major. Moreover, O’Connor took on the name Flannery O’Connor, dropping Mary from her signature.†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† and â€Å"Good Country People† are two of many short stories by Flannery O’Connor. In addition, the two stories enfold a mystery ending in catastrophe. O’Connor uses ple nty of irony or subtle kind of sarcasm in developing each of the stories. Coincidentally, â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard To Find† and â€Å"Good Country People† are both set in the South during the earlier years, when segregation was an issue and trust was not. â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† and â€Å"Good Country People† are two ironically twisted tales of how two different families lives are altered after trusting and being mislead by a stranger. In â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find,† O’Connor introduces a family whose lives ironically turn up side down while on a trip to Florida. For instance, before leaving on the trip, the grandmother (who wants to go to Tennessee in stead of Florida) tells her son, Bailey, about the newspaper article. Thus, the article states that a prisoner escapes to Florida and calls himself the misfit. However, her son basically ignores her and they end up taking the trip to Florida regardless of the warning. Also, the grandmother takes her cat, Pitty Sing, along on the trip in order to prevent any mishaps by leaving her behind. In addition, the grandmother wears a pin so that if she dies in an accident anyone who finds her, knows that she is a woman. Moreover, she points out several different sights on her way to Florida. Most significantly, she says, â€Å"Look atShow MoreRelated Flannery Oconnor1301 Words   |  6 Pageson how the world was dealing with the changes. Flannery Oâ₠¬â„¢Connor, a prominent Catholic writer from the South, was one of the many who examined society and shared their philosophies. O’Connor shocked her twentieth century readers with the haunting style and piercing questions in her short stories and novels, which were centered on a combination of her life experiences, her deep Catholic faith, and the literature of the time. Mary Flannery O’Connor was born in Savannah, Georgia in 1925 into one ofRead MoreFlannery OConnor 1111 Words   |  5 PagesFlannery O’Connor When writing a piece of literature the content is often influenced from the background of the person who is writing. The author, whether consciously or subconsciously, adds in personal experiences or beliefs into their pieces. Flannery O’Connor is a good example of this trend. Her short stories illustrate the hardships, beliefs, and society at the time she lived and was writing. It is most blatantly demonstrated in her collection of short stories entitled, A Good Man Is HardRead MoreFlannery O’Connor Essay1158 Words   |  5 PagesFlannery O’Connor was fond of saying, â€Å"When in Rome, do as you done in Milledgeville.† O’Connor was born in Savannah, Georgia, but spent the bulk of her life in Milledgeville, and it is her Southern heritage that influenced her and made her writing extremely distinctive in the history that is American literature. As a Roman Catholic in the Protestant-majority South, she was often confronted with the differences be tween the surroundings and herself, a theme that often comes up in her writing. O’ConnorRead More Flannery O’Connor Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesFlannery O’Connor Mary Flannery O’Connor was born in 1925 in Savannah, Georgia. She was an only child, and her parents were deeply religious Roman Catholics. She was educated at the Women’s College of Georgia and the State University of Iowa. While she was at college, she wrote short stories which were published. During this time her father died of lupus, a blood disease that would eventually claim her life as well. After she was diagnosed, she moved to Milledgville, Georgia, for treatment ofRead MoreFlannery OConnor Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesFlannery O’ Connor’s method of writing is extraordinary with the right amount of religion. She writes in a way in which the reader can easily comprehend. Nonetheless, let us first discuss her short story â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find,† in this particular piece of writing O’ Connor gives us a sense of irony and suspense throughout the reading. One can easily recall when the family was passing by the beautiful scene ry of Georgia and the grandma had made a racist remark of a Negro child standing in frontRead MoreThe Humor of Flannery OConnor1852 Words   |  8 Pagesresult of a sequence of events and the expected result. Flannery OConnors works are masterpieces in the art of literary irony, the laughable and ridiculous. The incongruous situations, ridiculous characters, and feelings of superiority that OConnor creates make up her shocking and extremely effective, if not disturbing, humor. I say disturbing because OConnors humor, along with humor in general, most often contains the tragic. OConnor has been quoted as saying, The comic and the terribleRead MoreRevelation by Flannery OConnor Essay1426 Words   |  6 PagesRevelation [Name of Student] [Name of Institute] Revelation Introduction Revelation  is a  short story  by  Flannery OConnor. It was published in 1965 in her short story collection  Everything That Rises Must Converge. OConnor finished the collection during her final battle with  lupus. She died in 1964, just before her final book was published. A devout  Roman Catholic, OConnor often used religious themes in her work. All my stories are about the action of grace on a character whoRead MoreFlannery OConnor: A Brief Biography842 Words   |  3 Pageswriter to worry is to take over Gods business.† (O’Connor). This statement is encouraging to all believers in God, knowing that it is coming from a fellow Catholic like Flannery O’Connor. O’Connor is associated with the Christian Realism movement, which is a logical view developed by a theologian, Reinhold Niebuhr, who argued that the Kingdom of God cannot be realized on earth because of the naturally corrupt trends of society (â€Å"Flannery O’Connor†). This movement began in the late 1940’s and alongRead MoreFlannery OConnor and Her Works913 Words   |  4 Pages Flannery O’Connor â€Å"I am a writer because writing is what I do best,† Known for her unique collection of short stories, Flannery O’Connor had a major impact on the writing industry during the 20th century. She is still to this day considered one of the most famous American authors. She very well shows that your life really impacts your writing technique, and tone of writing. She was born March 3rd, 1925. O’Connor was raised by two very Catholic parents in Savanna, Georgia. Her father, Edward FrancisRead MoreEssay about Flannery OConnor774 Words   |  4 Pages Flannery OConnor is a blunt, cruel writer who uses violence to teach theology. OConnors works focus on grace through violent, cruel acts. In her stories its hard to find a happy person or a loving family. Her characters, Mrs. May Greenleaf, the Grandmother A Good Man is Hard to Find, and Hulga Good Country People all make terrible mistakes that result in finding grace through a tragedy. OConnor does not pull punches, but lets her characters suffer the consequences of their actions

The Results of World War 1 - 3349 Words

The Great War 1914-1918 was universally destructive. The effects of these were seen in many areas, as in the destruction of human life and property, and in the political, social and economic fields. The evolution of capitalism and progress in the scientific spheres were also important consequences. It is estimated that in the four years of war, some eighty lakhs of people were killed and as many wounded. Some 8-10 lakh people were reported missing. In most countries, after this Great War, monarchy came to an end. Democratic Governments were established in these countries. The authorities recognized the people s rights. Lot money was spent in this war. After the Great War, the prices of articles went up. Starvation stalked the world.†¦show more content†¦Except for the German and British armed forces, they had only cosmetic changes since the time of Napoleon; even the French went into combat in 1914 dressed in blue tunics and red trousers like the soldiers of a hundred years before.In 1914, there was a total lack of serious issues on which, it would seem, most of the world could go to war. Any jockeying for influence was of the sort that could be handled by normal negotiations, there was no real competition for resources because the world was less industrialised and there was a far lesser pressure of population, and the intricate web of alliances were thought to have kept the peace in Europe for the unprecedented period of forty years.So why should the nations go to war? Who would ever have thought it?The web of alliancesActually, the web of alliances meant that Europe was a tinderbox on th e verge of being set alight. The slightest spark could set off a conflagration, and it would have required cool heads and firm diplomacy to avoid a European war. Unfortunately, not only were cool heads and firm diplomacy lacking, the rulers of the continent seemed eager, or even anxious to jump into a conflict - for no reason that one can thinkShow MoreRelatedResults of World War 1772 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War I - Results The First World War â€Å"ended† in 1918 in November, when the Treaty of Versailles was signed to create an armistice. Though this treaty became active on that day for Western Europe, this treaty did not take effect in Eastern Europe until up to mid-1920s. Political, cultural, and social order was changed immensely in Europe, Asia, and Africa, even countries not directly in the war. As a result of the damages from the war, many new countries were formed. Also, millions of peopleRead MoreGandhi, a former political leader from India, once said that â€Å"I object to violence because when it1000 Words   |  4 Pagespermanent†. Before the events of World War 1, war was often glorified and people who joined the war were viewed as heroes for the country. In All Quiet on the Western Front, Erich Maria Remarque, a former soldier from World War 1, takes the reader through Paul’s experiences as a soldier along with motivation for countries and soldier to join the war. A longside this, Remarque shows gruesome images of soldier’s deaths in order to show what horrific consequences war took on both countries and soldiersRead MoreWas World War 1 Inevitable?1737 Words   |  7 PagesFirst World War has established an unforgettable memoir in the history books. World War 1 was a massacre of human life and an important event that determined the present state of the modern world. Yes, World War 1 was inevitable. The foundation of the causes of World War 1 can be traced back to several factors that were building up international tension to the ultimate result of war. In the 1900s, the European countries were extremely competitive in extending their influence around the world. TheirRead MoreEssay about Did Germany Cause World War I1401 Words   |  6 Pages Did Germany cause World War 1? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Although in the Treaty of Versailles Germany was to accept full responsibility for World War 1 this in not necessarily the case. Many factors have to be taken into account when considering the cause of World War 1. Germany may have been primarily responsible for the war but the other major powers must accept some of the blame for failing to prevent it. The conflict resulting from the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinard should haveRead MoreEssay on Weapons of World War 21395 Words   |  6 Pagesof World War II The result of World War II was affected by many different factors. One major factor which affected the war was the weapons and artillery used during the war. Since the beginnings of time, weapons have always been around. From swords and knives to nuclear weapons and missiles, weapons have evolved greatly throughout the years. The weapons and artillery used in World War II basically were evolved types of weaponry that were used during World War I (Military History 1). World War IIRead MoreWeapons of World War 2 Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesArtillery of World War II The result of World War II was affected by many different factors. One major factor which affected the war was the weapons and artillery used during the war. Since the beginnings of time, weapons have always been around. From swords and knives to nuclear weapons and missiles, weapons have evolved greatly throughout the years. The weapons and artillery used in World War II basically were evolved types of weaponry that were used during World War I (Military History 1). Read MoreWar I And World War II1223 Words   |  5 PagesWar has always been a part of human life and the evolution of every country in the world. War could occur within a country or between two or more countries. Yet, some could get caught in a war just because they are allies with the country at war. And there are a variety of reasons why a war occurs, such as expanding a country’s power, gaining independence, or political and economic reasons. World War 1 and World War 2 were the most brutal wars in the world. The conflict in World War 1 was betweenRead MoreTo what extent was Germany to blame for the start of World War 11473 Words   |  6 Pageswas Germany to blame for the start of World War 1? During the beginning of the 19th Century Europe was crossing a period characterized by great technological advancements and scientific optimism, but it was also subject to hostile relations between many of its main powers. These hostilities transformed into war on the 28th of June 1914,when a 19 year old terrorist, Gavrilo Princip, assassinated the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, creating the cause of war that one month later brought Austria-HungaryRead MoreMilitary War: Cause and Effect553 Words   |  3 PagesMilitary War cause and effect All living things need the resources provided by our natural world to live, leading to them adapting to specific environments. Animals in particular are mobile creatures that move from place to place searching for the best environments for their survival. The most intelligent creatures in our animal world are human beings and like other animals, they moved from place to place while organized into races in search of the elusive desirable environments. However, thereRead Moreâ€Å"the First World War Did Not Arise Primarily as a Result of Planned German Aggression† How Far Do You Agree with This Opinion?1290 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The First World War did not arise primarily as a result of planned German aggression† How far do you agree with this opinion? Explain your answer, using sources 1, 2 and 3 and your own knowledge of the issues related to this controversy. There has been some controversy as to what or who was to blame for the outbreak of the First World War. Some people have taken the opinion that the war arose as a result of â€Å"planned German aggression† such as sources two and three, whereas source one is of the

The Factors That Make Teenagers Use Drugs - 972 Words

Drug Abuse among Teenagers Question: What are the factors that make teenagers use drugs? And how do they influence teenagers’ life? 1) INTRODUCTION a) Hook: Have you ever imagined a teenager attends a party without having social connection with other people because of drugs use? b) Thesis Statement: There are some important aspects that demonstrate the negative impact that drugs have on teenagers and drive them to use, such as mental health issues, friends, and family. 2) BODY 1: Main point #1: Drugs are products of mental health issues. a) Topic sentence: One reason that teenagers use drugs is because they struggle with mental health issues. b) Support: almost all teenagers have their own problems that might finding them hard to face. - These problems usually related to mental health issues like lack of self-confidence. - Shy teenagers find it hard to express what they think and how they feel, and that because of their fear of what other people think about them. So they try to find a way that make them brave to express their feelings without thinking about others’ reaction. - According to Nate Blair (2011) people who struggles with mental health issues have the fear of get treatment from a doctor, so they prefer to use drugs or drinking alcohol to solve the problem by themselves. - They aim to use drugs since it make them being high and out of control, thus they would find it easy to express and say what they want without feeling scared of others. c) Support:Show MoreRelatedSocial And Social Factors Of The Five Levels In Public Health1005 Words   |  5 Pagessocial environment, including interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy factors, supports and maintains unhealthy behaviors† (211). The major component of the ecological model is that it promotes how the individuals’ behaviors and choices are influenced by the five levels in Public Health. Each level is a target that helps with the spread of health promotion. The first level is intra personal factors, which is the smallest level of the five. It focuses more on the individual, personallyRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Abuse On Adolescents957 Words   |  4 Pagesand being a teenager is extremely complex and a difficult phase. Teenagers experience physiological, social, emotional and psychological changes. All of these changes are going to be shaped uniquely by the teenager’s unique genetic composition, brain development, environment, cu ltural background and the community influences around them. During brain development teenagers are likely to seek out new experiences that can lead to risky behavior. Nevertheless, that is not the only factor that can influenceRead MoreThe Internet And Modern Media1509 Words   |  7 PagesIn the interconnected state of today, teenagers are exposed to both the prizes and perils of the real-world. Specifically the internet and modern media promotes messages that may or may not support the use of drugs. This corresponds with the concept of role models, as those who are respected by teenagers are privy to a greater level of exposure into their life. Therefore, their â€Å"adult habits,† such as drinking can lead teenagers to act accordingly due to the manner in which they deify their roleRead MoreThe Violence And Drug Abuse1739 Words   |  7 Pageslisten to music almost anywhere they go. But unfortunately teenagers are the ones that get influenced by music the most, as they a re less developed than the adults. In today’s days many singers and rappers that sing and rap about the drugs and violence. And for some reason that’s what teenagers prefer. The example of this singers would be O.T Genasis, Wiz Khalifa and Chief Keef. All these singers and rappers promote the violence and drug abuse in our society. In result, children become less successfulRead MoreDrug Use And Juvenile Delinquency1671 Words   |  7 PagesTeen drug use has been a continuous problem in the United States and United Kingdom despite media campaigns informing people of the consequences associated with illicit drug use. At the same time, young criminal activities are present in most communities and are a concern because of their association to illicit drug use. Some scholars assert that drug use causes criminal behaviour in juveniles; others have established that delinquency leads juveniles to use illicit drugs; yet, others infer that drugRead MoreTeenagers Drug Use And It s Effects On Society1186 Words   |  5 Pages Teenagers drug use Now ï ¼Å'there are lots of teenagers all over the world who use drug. And it becomes a very normal thing in society. According to foundation for a drug free world, we realize that drugs can make a person stop thinking and become very dull.(Drug Free World). And now all medicine has drug, so teenagers do not know how bad they are.I think now the society has two big elements,that can cause teenagers use drug , such as environment and differentRead MoreThe Effects Of Drugs And Its Effects On Society1221 Words   |  5 Pages Now, there are lots of teenagers all over the world /use drug. And it /becomes a very normal thing in social. Why /the teenagers want to use drug? Drugs/ blur memory, causing blank spots. When a person tries to get information through this cloudy mess, he can’t do it. Drugs make a person feel slow or stupid and cause him to have failures in life. And as he has more failures and life gets harder, he wants more drugs to help him deal with the p roblem. There are two very important reasonsRead MoreThe Anxiety With A Referral From A General Practitioner1638 Words   |  7 Pagesfirstly addressing the Anxiety with a referral from a General practitioner to a psychologist whom can then confirm the diagnosis and treat the disorder. The main contributing factors are the demands of being a single working parent with teenagers, fear of losing her job, police involvement, child services involvement, illicit drugs which is causing a pressure cooker situation. Anxiety and stress are a natural response to dealing with these situations causing nervousness, anxiousness, hopelessness andRead MoreThe Positive And Negative Effects Of Peer Pressure1479 Words   |  6 PagesPeer pressure is a social issue that has been around in the past and will last in the future. It is one thing that all teenagers have in common. It is highly influential with positive and negative effects. Some teenagers are more likely to give in whereas others are m ore likely to stand their ground. The feeling of belonging and social acceptance is considered very important, while social rejection and exclusions are very much feared. Peer pressure is defined as a feeling of pressure to engageRead MoreEssay about Drugs and Teenagers786 Words   |  4 PagesDrugs and Teenagers Drug use is one of the most serious and concerning issues among teenagers in todays high schools. Most drug use begins in the preteen and teenage years, and it is these years that can be the most crucial in determining how a young person develops as a human being. During these years adolescents are faced with difficult tasks of discovering their self identity, clarifying their sexual roles, asserting independence, learning to cope with authority and searching for goals that

Data Communication free essay sample

These are the dedicated lines for transmitting the digitized data, voice and video signals. Every message in the transmission process is divided into the seven logical layers known as the OSI layers model. Security and privacy are the biggest concerns in the data communications. Wireless networks, faxed business letters and the computer without proper security implementations can be hacked. To deal with these internal and external security threats the data communication networks should be properly safe guarded with the antivirus, antivirus and firewall solutions. Computer networks should also meet the performance, reliability, consistency, recovery and security criteria to maintain the smooth flow of data in an organization. Computer networks redirects here. For the periodical, see  Computer Networks (journal). Datacom redirects here. For other uses, see  Datacom (disambiguation). Internet   map. The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the  standard Internet Protocol Suite  (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. We will write a custom essay sample on Data Communication or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Distributed processing A  computer network, often simply referred to as a network, is a collection of hardware components and computers interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources and information.

Major Market Economies Constitute Different Market Characteristics

Question: Discuss about the Major Market Economies Constitute Different Market Characteristics? Answer: Introduction The study demonstrates different market structures of the Albany, capital of New York. In this particular paper, the researcher has been appointed as a consultant by the local mayor of Albany. The researcher would help the mayor to understand the business structures of the city. Further, the researcher would discuss about the role of the government in this particular market. Different Market Structures As mentioned by Dunne et al. (2013), the entire business of an economy runs under four main types of market that include Pure Competition Market, Monopolistic Competition Market, Oligopoly Market, Pure Monopoly Market. In pure competition market, broad range of sellers is involved for selling same products, and thus they confront high competition. Along with this, large number of buyers is also involved. In this particular market, the product price is set by the interaction of the market demand and marker supply. The monopolistic competition market defines a imperfect competitive market where many of sellers as well as buyers are engaged. In this market, the products sold by the sellers can be differentiated from one another. The goods and services produced by the producers are not perfect substitute (Frank, 2013). Mohammadi et al. (2016) added that the firms in oligopoly market confront relatively less competition as small number of sellers are engaged, along with large number of buyers. The oligopolists have the power over the product price, thus the consumers are charged higher price. On the other way, the pure monopoly market defines the market where single seller and many buyers are involved. The researcher has discussed these economic markets as these four markets influence the economy of Albany most. Further, the researcher is going to separate them by their major characteristics. The market characteristics of Pure Competitive Market: In this certain market, the produced goods and services are identical. Thus, the sellers do not have the option to offer different or better products to the consumers. All the sellers have equal power over the market as they are offering same products against same price. There are Low barriers for the new entrants in this market. The new firm can easily enter into as well as exist from the market. The price of the products is set as per the consumers willingness to pay for particular product. Though, single buyer cannot influence the market price (Makowski, 2014). The market characteristics of Monopolistic Competition Market: In monopolistic competition market, the produced goods and services are similar, but not identical. More specifically, the firms sell almost similar products which can be slightly differentiated from one another. Another major characteristic of this market is the extensive knowledge of product price and technology. The consumers have the information about alternative prices as well as the product differences. On contrast, the sellers have the information about the price the other firms charge to the consumers. Along with that, they use almost similar production techniques (Feenstra, 2016). The market characteristics of Oligopoly Market: The oligopolists produce either identical products or differentiate products. In the oligopoly market, some sellers are there who sell identical products, likewise perfect competitive market. On the other way, some sellers sell products that are slightly differentiated from one another, like monopolistic competition. The identical products in the oligopoly market are the intermediate goods such as petroleum, aluminum etc sold to many of the industries. On contrast, the differentiate products are the final goods sold to the consumers for personal consumption. Further, the small firms are dominated by the small number of large firms. The firms have more power of market control in comparison to the monopolistic competitive firms (Sung et al., 2016). The market characteristics of Pure Monopoly Market: In the pure monopoly market, there is a single seller who is the sole source of the produced goods and services. No close substitutes are available in the market. Some barriers are there that prevent its competitors to inter in the market. The barriers include legal barriers, control of resources, and economies of scale etc. Among this, the legal barriers including licenses issued by government, patents, copyrights etc. are the most powerful constraint (Baldwin Scott, 2013). Real life example of a market structure in local city After illustrating all the market structure along with their major characteristics, the researcher brings out an example that would help the mayor to understand the market structure. The fish market in Albany can be considered under perfect competitive market. Large number of seller is engaged in the market to sell the identical product. At the same time, large number of consumers is there with perfect information about product price and product quality offered by the market. Thus, no seller can charge higher or lower price than others. They do not have the power of attracting consumers by the product price or product quality. Further, the existing fish sellers do not have the power to prevent other fish sellers to entering or quitting the market. New sellers who want to sell the same product (fish) can freely enter in the market. Presence of high entry barriers that leads long-run profitability It has been discussed before that in the perfect competitive market, no such entry barriers are there. No economic profit is made by any of the existing firms, as the price continuously decreases till the level of consumers willingness to pay. If one firm charges higher price than any of other sellers, the consumers will purchase from the seller who offers products at lower price. If there can be a stage where most of the firms exit from the market and few numbers of sellers remain in the market. They can charge higher price for making profit. In this situation, more firm are attracted and entry in the market. As a result, supply increases, and thus price drops, and will result zero economic profit (Koschker Mst, 2015). The highest barriers are present in the monopoly market. Thus, the monopolist can make the most profit in the long run compared to other market sellers. The demand curve of the monopolist is the market demand curve. No firms are there to compete with. If the monopolist sell products at lower price that could have been sold at a higher price, the marginal revenue curve will lie below the demand curve. In such case, for the elastic portion of demand curve, the lower price increases the total revenue. On contrast, in the inelastic portion, lower price decreases the total revenue. Thus, there is always a possibility of increasing total revenue by raising the price and lowering production. The monopolist will lower the price until marginal revenue equals marginal cost, which denotes the profit maximizing point. Thus, the monopolist will able to make long run profit. Competitive pressure in market with high entry barriers Moving on, the researcher is going to demonstrate the competitive pressure presents in the market along with high entry barriers. Along with the monopoly market, high entry barriers are there in the monopolistic competitive and oligopoly market as well. The firms do not face any competitive pressure until they provide any strong response to the new comers (Claessens Laeven, 2016). The researcher has considered an example to explain it in a better way to the mayor. Suppose, a firm has strong place in the market of Albany; it produces safe and long lasting small batteries and sell them at reasonable price. The firm who wants to enter in the market has to produce such batteries which can be proved better from every way. The battery should have to be longer lasting and the price should have to equal or lower than the available battery price. Thus, the new firms confront high competitive pressure along with the high entry barriers. Price elasticity of demand and its impact on market As per the statement of Da-Graa Masson (2016), Price elasticity of demand measures the relationship between the change in price as well as the change in quantity demanded for any specific goods or services. It explains the market situation of price sensitivity. The researcher explains to the mayor about the impact of the price sensitivity on each of the above mentioned market. Price changes in the perfect competitive market do not affect the market too much. More specifically, the small change in price has no impact over the demand of the goods and services that are available in the perfect competitive market. A drastic change in price would reduce the quantity demanded for the products. On the other way, if the available materials become restricted or expensive, it will increase the price, and hence affect the demand of the market (Kirzner, 2015). In case of the monopolistic competitive market, a large number of firms are there with low degree of monopoly power. Though, the price hike in this market will retain few of the buyers. On the other way, price fall will create more demand in the quantity of any particular product against its price (Campbell, Goldfarb Tucker, 2015). Few competitors are there in the oligopoly market. A drastic change in product price will drive the firms into either monopolistic competitive market or monopoly market (Ji, Chang Huang, 2016). In case of monopoly market, the seller is the sole source of the produced goods and services. Therefore, price change in the monopoly market results decrease or increase in the total revenue of the single firm. Too much decrease in the revenue will result closure of the firm. On other way, increase in price will allow the firm to generate more revenue as well as profit in the long run (Indounas, 2016). Role of government in each market structure The government of Albany plays an important role in each of the market and influences their pricing ability for their produced goods and services. The researcher elucidates the major role of the government to make the mayor understand the influence factor of price changes. Through implementing tax, government controls the prices of the products. If government imposes more tax on a product, the price of the product will increase. In case of elastic product, the demand for the product will decrease as the price increases. On the other way, if the product is inelastic, the demand will remain same. For example, the cigarette can be considered as inelastic product, without which the addicted person cannot live. Further, government imposes new regulations that affect the production as well as the sale of the products (Wang et al. 2012). Effect of international trade According to Antrs Yeaple (2013), the international trade put impact on each of the market in a different way. In context of trading, the import of a particular goods make fall in the price of its substitutes or identical products available in this country. The firms of Albany will reduce the product price because these are available at a cheaper rate due to importing those from another nation. The researcher can support the concept of the effect of international trade with an example. For example, the call centers are outsourced in order to reduce the expenditure of the company. At the same time, it hampers the job growth of the country. As a result, the market structure and market economy of the country is affected in terms of international trade. Conclusion After conducting the study, the researcher concludes that the four major market economies constitute different market characteristics. Through providing real life experiences, the researcher helps the mayor to relate the market characteristics with the real world. It further concludes that the monopolist make high amount of profit in the long run, whereas long run profitability is not possible in the competitive market. Some of the new firms are there who confront competitive pressure along with high entry barrier, to enter a market. Moreover, the mayor has come to know that price elasticity of demand affect each of the market in different ways. Lastly, the researcher provides the concept of the affect of government intervention and international trade in the economy. Reference List Antrs, P., Yeaple, S. R. (2013).Multinational firms and the structure of international trade(No. w18775). National Bureau of Economic Research. Baldwin, W., Scott, J. (2013).Market structure and technological change(Vol. 18). Taylor Francis. Campbell, J., Goldfarb, A., Tucker, C. (2015). Privacy regulation and market structure.Journal of Economics Management Strategy,24(1), 47-73. Claessens, S., Laeven, L. (2016). Competition in the Financial.Financial Development and Economic Growth: Explaining the Links, 66. Da-Graa, T., Masson, R. (2016). Market demand of smart but uninformed consumers rotates counterclockwise with better information: surprising welfare effects.Applied Economics Letters,23(1), 11-14. Dunne, T., Klimek, S. D., Roberts, M. J., Xu, D. Y. (2013). Entry, exit, and the determinants of market structure.The RAND Journal of Economics,44(3), 462-487. Feenstra, R. C. (2016). Gains from Trade Under Monopolistic Competition.Pacific Economic Review,21(1), 35-44. Frank, K. (2013). Risk, uncertainty and profit. Indounas, K. (2016). The Effect of Market Structure on Pricing Behavior of Industrial Service Firms. InMarketing Challenges in a Turbulent Business Environment(pp. 401-416). Springer International Publishing. Ji, L., Chang, J. J., Huang, C. Y. (2016). Unionization, market structure, and economic growth.Southern Economic Journal,82(3), 935-951. Kirzner, I. M. (2015).Competition and entrepreneurship. University of Chicago press. Koschker, S., Mst, D. (2015). Perfect competition vs. strategic behaviour models to derive electricity prices and the influence of renewables on market power.OR Spectrum, 1-26. Makowski, L. (2014). Perfect Competition, the Profit Criterion, and the Organiza-tion of Economic Activity.Journal of Economic Theory,22, 105-25. Mohammadi, A., Shirazi, A., Talebnezhad, A., Javaheri, A., Javanmardi, E. (2016). The combination of system dynamics and game theory in analyzing oligopoly markets.Management Science Letters,6(4), 265-274. Sung, H. C., Liao, S. L., Yang, J., Yuan, C. (2016). Earnings Target, RD Investment Choice, and Oligopoly Competition.Transylvanian Review,24(5). Wang, C., Hong, J., Kafouros, M., Wright, M. (2012). Exploring the role of government involvement in outward FDI from emerging economies.Journal of International Business Studies,43(7), 655-676.

Supplemental Essay Helps With Fit Supplemental Essay Samples

Supplemental Essay Helps With Fit Supplemental Essay SamplesIf you are in need of essay help, then you will certainly want to use fit supplemental essay samples to increase your odds of getting a good grade. This is an especially good idea if you are a first time writer or you don't have much experience in writing.There are hundreds of topics you can write about for your supplemental essays. Here are a few of the most popular examples:Writing about your childhood and growing up. The key here is to include a lot of detail and do a lot of research. Make sure you highlight how your life has changed due to some situations that came up in your childhood such as your parents divorcing or your father passing away.Writing about a major turning point in your life. A good example would be when you graduated from college. You may have gone through a lot of stress, but you know now that you made a big decision and that it's time to move on.Writing about something that you have experienced in you r current life. For example, if you are currently working, then you should include an essay about how your work has impacted your life.Speaking from experience is an excellent way to make sure your essay is well written. It's important to think of what you would say to someone if you were speaking to them in person. As you write, you should think of your outline and you should have a lot of questions ready to ask your fellow writers.Writing about some situation that happened recently can also be helpful. This could be during your vacation or during a time that was really tough. Make sure that you include details in the essay such as specifics about your surroundings or events that happened in between writing time.Use a combination of fit supplemental essay samples and research when writing your essay. Focus on what your main topic is before you even start writing. This will help you keep your head straight and not end up losing your focus as you read through the story.

muslim vs christanity Essays - Prophets Of Islam,

Christianity and Islam are two of the world?s largest religions. The two are different in beliefs but are similar in origin. Like many religions both Islam and Christianity claim to be the one and only true way to God. Although Islam and Christianity differ in major ways, they also share some similarities. Islam teaches that in order to achieve true peace of mind and surety of heart, one must submit to God or ?Allah? and live according to His revealed Law. Being a Muslim requires willful submission and active obedience to God and living in accordance with His message. Conversely, Christianity does not teach absolute submission to God, but teaches that man is sinful and can never inherit eternal life in the presence of God as a result of the sins of our first parents, Adam and Eve, as well as our own personal sin. Therefore it became necessary for God to become man in the person of Jesus Christ, who as the Son of God was sinless and unblemished. His purpose was to suffer and die in atonement for the sins of all whom accept his sacrifice for sin. Throughout History there has been some conflict between both religions, one of the major events is called the Crusades. The First Crusade was from 1096 to 1099. They were Christian military expeditions and religous wars proclaimed by the people. The purpose of the Crusades was to gain and keep control over Palestine from the Muslims. Palestine was also called the Holy Land because Jesus lived there. Alexius Compenus was a new ruler that came into power in Byzantium in 1081. Constentinople was in danger because the Turks threatened them, so Alexius first called for help to Pope Urban ll who presented a ten-day meeting telling people about Alexius's problem and that they needed to go to war with the Turks, which led to the first Crusade. The Crusades were organized mostly to recover or defend territories that Christians strongly beleived belonged to them by right, such as "The Holy Land." Palestine lay along the eastern coast of the Mediterranean sea, and Muslims had taken control of it from the Christians. In the first Crusade, Christians recaptured Palestine, but in the later Crusades, they fought to protect Palestine or recover parts of it that had been lost to Muslim forces. After reviewing documents of crusaders it is easy to see that most went to battle because they were easily persuaded to do anything for God, they felt a true hatred for the others, as well as the sense of importance and nobility the soldiers gained from going to battle. Crusades played a major role in the High Middle Ages and even though they were not terribly successful, they still are very famous historical figures. This act of God was to help deal with the internal and external conflict that the Roman Church was having in trying to remain in power. However, it also displays that people of this time were very susceptible to persuasion and even propaganda. This period of time truly emphasizes how far people will go in order to obtain power.

Morries Aphorisms essays

Morries Aphorisms essays Using Morrie's Aphorisms as Teaching Tools No bubble is so iridescent or floats longer than that blown by the successful teacher. Sir William Osler (1849-1919), 4 Oct. 1911, Glasgow (quoted in: Harvey Cushing, Life of Sir William Osler, vol. 2, ch. 31, 1925). Mitch Albom wrote Tuesdays with Morrie as a final tribute to his old college professor, Morrie Schwartz, who intended that his death should be his "final thesis." Grim and fascinating, Professor Schwartzs courage in the face of a painful death is truly inspiring. The lucidity and wisdom which Professor Schwartz gained over the years became increasingly pronounced and focused as he contemplated his life and imminent death, as well as his place in the Cosmos while his frail body melted away through A.L.S. (Lou Gehrig's disease). This paper will discuss five of Professor Schwartz aphorisms (or proverbs), which would facilitate learning in subject- specific -and other educational venues. So many people walk around with a meaningless life. They seem half-asleep, even when theyre busy doing things they think are important. This is because theyre chasing the wrong things. The way you get meaning into your life is devote yourself to loving others, devote yourself to your community around you, and devote yourself to creating something that gives you purpose and meaning. (emphasis added) (p. 43) Professor Schwartzs analysis of the "meaning of life" is particularly appropriate for teaching philosophical views and sociological concepts. Since time immemorial, man has contemplated why he is on the Earth and what his place is in the Greater Scheme of Things. While students rush through the educational process in a pinball-like attempt to learn what they need to thrive and survive, they frequently overlook those aspects of their education, which are the most important. When people become self-actualized,...

Influence of Technology on Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Influence of Technology on Society - Essay Example According to the paper findings the impacts of technology are both negative and positive. On the positive side, technology has make things easier in the way people do activities, keeps time, boosts production, and abridges communication, enhanced educational settings and enhanced health care. On the negative side, advancement in technology has made people lazy as most users of technology are so dependent on new advanced tools. The implication is that the laziness has led to reduced innovation, influenced the environment due to increased pollution that has adverse impacts on the Ozone layer resulting in global warming. Technology has also led to increasing risks to health as technology users spend less time on exercise. Regarding education, learners are now more dependent on computers and calculators to solve simple tasks, which mains that they cannot teach their brain to resolve easy tasks that makes them inactive in classrooms. However, the following are positive effects of technolo gy that have transformed lives.This discussion highlights that  advancements in technology have assisted businesses and companies save time and production expenses that have been a benefit to all enterprises as companies manage such improvements to gain competitive advantage.  Advancement in technology in health care and medicine has assisted in saving countless innocent lives. Human health sciences and medicine have improved significantly.

Fish Cheeks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fish Cheeks - Essay Example Amy Tan also demonstrates the power of culture and the need to be acceptable. She wanted a slim American nose, and she was terribly embarrassed by her family's distinctively Chinese ways. This is because she grew up in America and had been immersed in its culture, and has come to believe, at least subconsciously, that the American way is the "correct" way. The essay provides us with an honest depiction of the author's youthful self. The story dwells on the ever present clutch of cultural norms and the pressure of "acceptability". I felt invited to consider how the totality of her life was like back then, when she so desired to be American and fit in, while the unfortunate truth was that she was trapped with her "unmannered" family, who became a source of embarrassment to her. The Chinese idea of table manners is burping after a meal to show appreciation. "At the end of the meal my father leaned back and belched loudly, thanking my mother for her fine cooking. "It's a polite Chinese custom to show you are satisfied," explained my father to our astonished guests. The minister managed to muster up a quiet burp. I was stunned into silence the rest of the night." This is totally at odds with the American idea of polite discreteness. She found that her favorite dishes were becoming a source of her embarrassment in front of Robert, particularly when her father "poked his chopsticks just below the fish eye and plucked out the soft meat. "Amy, your favorite," he said, offering me the tender fish cheek. I wanted to disappear. " We can imagine the story having been told in a frenzied and excited manner the reflects how Amy felt back then, but she is reflective and calm throughout the story. She looks back at these events and simply tells the story without implying that she still has leftover emotions from these episodes. She was embarrassed, but not anymore (a bit regretful perhaps). Amy tells us that she has learned from this experience. The reader is rewarded with a little moral, and a little irony at the end. "You must be proud you are different. Your only shame is to have shame." her mother had told her. Now Tan is perfectly honest about her family's "Chineseness," which she used to perceives as shortcomings. We get the idea that she now has a more mature and accepting attitude towards her family. She now realizes that during that Christmas dinner, perhaps the only person who did not act honestly was

Procurement Purchasing Supplier

Procurement Purchasing Supplier After having investigated briefly in general the concept of procurement and the emergence of the concept of procurement , it is imperative for us in this chapter to delve in detail the analysis of the concept of procurement , the various theories which have been predicated at the international level and their relevance for our study under investigation . We would also have to critically scrutinise how the different models of procurement effectiveness measurements can help us in our analysis to delve in greater detail the relevance of procurement from the perspective of SOM . It is important that we have to undertake a holistic approach in the investigation of procurement practices and procurement effectiveness in our literature Review chapter for this forms the foundation of our secondary research. Our primary research which would be delved in detail in the subsequent chapters would be further developed on the strong foundations of this chapter. In the final analysis we would be util ising in adequate measure the concepts from the secondary research as they develop in this chapter and couple it with our derivations from primary research to gain a greater in-depth understanding of procurement practices in Shell Oman and hypothesize relevant recommendations and remedial solutions for bringing about effective changes in the present operational systems at SOM Definition of Procurement Relevance : it is important for our study to understand clearly the meaning and exact phraseology behind procurement for the purposes of investigation of procurement practices in SOM . Since Procurement is an extremely broad concept which has applicability from strategic , operations and tactical level , various definitions would have to be looked into and strategically decipher their level of applicability for our purpose of investigation . Procurement, purchasing, and supplier management are all terms used extensively. They may mean the same or sometimes may have significant differences. Since the term procurement covers many areas, from operational to strategic levels, Knudsen (1999) has summarized the different terms, used for acquiring good and services in the following table. Level Term Meaning Strategic Supply Management To be aware of the strategic impact of procurement and fully exploit it by formulating a supply strategy Tactical Procurement To satisfy internal demands with external sources which adhere to objectives set at the strategic level Operational Purchasing The minimum activities required to obtain external products or services that result in invoice from an external source Timo et al (2005), argued in their document, the quantitative definition of purchasing is not accurate and suggest to a broader scope of purchasing, adding pensions, other personnel costs, financial expenses and increase in assets within the scope. They define Purchasing as: â€Å"Invoices or payments based on exchange of physical objects, services or rights†. There are two basic types of purchasing in the business world: (1) Purchasing for resale and (2) purchasing for consumption or conversion (Dobler and Burt, 1996). Purchasing for resale is performed primarily by merchants. Industrial buyers buy materials, services etc. for manufacturing companies, service business, institutions, utilities, and various government agencies. Other definitions of Procurement are as follows: Procurement is the acquisition of systems, goods or services at the best possible total cost of ownership, in the right quantity, at the right time, in the right place for the direct benefit or use of the governments, corporations, or individuals generally via, but not limited to a contract. (Project Management Body of Knowledge, 2000) Procurement is the process of acquiring goods, works and services, covering both acquisition from third parties and from in-house providers. The process spans the whole life from identification of need, through to the end of a service contract or the end of the useful life of an asset. It involves options appraisal and the critical â€Å"make or buy† decision which may result in the provision of services in-house in appropriate circumstances. (The Procurement process The Buyers Magazine, 2000). In the context of a procurement process, obtaining â€Å"best value for money† means choosing the bid that offers â€Å"the optimum combination of whole life cost and benefits to meet the customers requirement†.† (National Procurement Strategy for Local Government in England, 2003) The Importance of Procurement Relevance : The importance of procurement in the changing face of corporate scenario of today is all the more important as there is a greater strategic interface between the procurement department and the other key departments within functional global corporate entities . In this regard the study of importance of procurement as a terminology would help us in understanding and appreciating the strategic shift in focus of procurement operations from tactical to a crucial strategic level . This would help us in highlighting the importance of procurement practices in organisations such as SOM under investigation Many authors wrote about the importance of procurement function in todays organization and how it can impact the bottom line. Different terms are used in the literature, Procurement, Purchasing or Supply management but they all apply to the process of acquiring goods and services for the business, which account for a huge corporate expenditure. The following main objectives show how the procurement function can contribute to a companys competitiveness (Axelsson et al, 2005): †¢ Cost optimisation (e.g. lower transaction costs and overhead costs) †¢ Asset utilisation (e.g. outsourcing and inventory management) †¢ Value creation (e.g. process/products development and quality improvement) According to Procurement strategy council, the procurement function today is viewed as an important component of a firms strategic arsenal, the modern purchasing department can reduce a firms operational expenditure through streamlined purchasing and price reductions for goods and services. The article discuss that a smart purchasing can reduce costs 20% to 30%, freeing up funds to be used elsewhere. The realization that purchasing can impact bottom line saving has elevated procurements strategic importance. (Procurement Strategy Council, 2001) Improving the Bottom Line Reductions in Procurement Costs Directly Affect Net Income Income Statement (in millions US$) Initial 3% Reduction in OR Revenues $1000$1000 Operating Resources (OR) $350 $339 Direct Materials$220$220 Wages, Salaries, Benefits$200$200 Depreciation$110 $110 Taxes $60$60 Net Income After Taxes $60$71 Reducing purchasing costs translates directly into bottom line savings. By lowering OR costs by $11 million, a firm directly raises its after tax income by the same amount. Source: (Procurement Strategy Council, 2001) Further, van Weele describes in his book, ways that procurement can contribute to the companys competitiveness. They play a critical role in quality assurance by working with suppliers to ensure higher quality standards regarding incoming goods and services. Procurement can also effect how quickly a firm reacts to changes in demand, through increased involvement in supply chain coordination and inventory management. In addition, by reducing purchasing costs the function can contribute to substantial price reductions of the end product. The leverage effect of purchasing can be considerable depending on the purchasing-to-sales ratio and the capital turnover ratio. (van Weele, 2005) Nowadays companies outsource most of their activities, increasing their reliance on the competitiveness of their suppliers. . (J. Hamilton, 2002). As a support case study, the case of Toyota cars (Japan), can be highlighted, wherein 83% of all activities are outsourced form various global suppliers. (Toyota, 2000). This makes the process of procurement quintessential and in fact the most important, in todays business world. If a company procures the right quality products, at the right price, with the right delivery schedule, only then and then alone can it remain productive and competitive in todays environment (Ian McMillan, 2005) This shows that if the procurement process is not right, then the company product, the company image, competitiveness et al would surely take a dive. According to van Weele, â€Å"This is why management has become increasingly aware of the purchasing function†. Once regarded as a reactive activity, the procurement and sourcing process at leading firms is at the forefront of responding to and creating change. (Procurement Strategy Council, 2001) Within the past year, several new research initiatives from different relevant perspectives prove persuasively that excellence in procurement can lead to a host of proven, quantifiable business benefits (Procurement Strategy council, 2001). Lower operating costs, higher ROI, and a direct contribution to the bottom line are among the principal advantages that have been documented. The increased impact from purchasing on corporate performance is supported by a study recently conducted by IBM Business Consulting Services. In the study, called The 2005 Chief Procurement Survey, purchasing managers and other people in leading positions at companies around the world were interviewed concerning the current and future role of purchasing. Many reasons to the increased importance are pointed out, for example the growth in outsourcing, corporate restructuring and increased supplier value adding and risk. (The 2005 Chief Procurement Survey, 2005) Another study, conducted by business consultancy Archstone Consulting, found that nearly 90 percent of participants agreed that procurement plays a strategic role in the competitiveness of their organization, but needs to be further elevated in the organizational hierarchy to be truly effective. (Supply and Demand Chain Executives, 2004) The best-practice companies truly understand the power of procurement, says Pierre Mitchell, a director at The Hackett Group, which recently concluded an in-depth research into the procurement practices of more than 300 companies, found that world-class organizations generate 133 percent greater return on their investment in procurement than the average companies. The bottom line is that world-class companies continue to take a very different view of procurement, looking at it as an investment rather than as a cost center, says Mitchell. This is how they generate the millions of dollars in additional savings that other companies dont see. (Quinn, 2005) Ready or not, procurement is moving to center stage, with top billing on the corporate agenda. At companies around the world, CEOs and boards are counting on procurement initiatives to keep their businesses favourable positioned in todays intensely competitive marketplace. (The Global CPO Survey, 2005) To understand the new found omnipotence of the procurement process in organisational hierarchy, it is imperative to understand the stages of development of the process, right from its inception (Quinn, 2005). Historical Development Relevance : The historical development of procurement would help us to analyse the changing face and role of global procurement practices and understand critically how over the years the concept of procurement has begun to occupy the one of the centre stages for corporate performance . As would be revealed in this section we would find that procurement can no longer be visualised as an isolated entity but has to be strongly viewed as an inherent and integral part of the process of company operations. The historical development of procurement would add on a chronological dimension to understand the growing importance of procurement over the past decades . In the early 1970s, Ansoff, opined that the purchasing process played a passive role in the business organization and did not have any strategic role. (Ellram and Carr, 1994). The 1973-74 oil crisis and related raw materials shortages drew significant attention to the importance of purchasing. However, top management and purchasing professionals, did not react to enhance the role of purchasing in corporate strategy until when Porter came with his famous five force model that shape the competitive nature of industry, identified buyers and suppliers as two of the five critical forces. Thus, the strategic importance of the supplier and the firm as a buying entity began receiving recognition in the mainstream strategy literature. (Ellram and Carr, 1994). Since then 1980s the attitude toward procurement was changes and evolving to a more strategic level. According to the procurement strategy council article, the procurements movement from a tactical to a more strategic role in corporate operations is predicated on a broader shift in corporate strategy. Before World War II, purchasing departments accounted for barely 20% of corporate expenditures. Today, purchasing departments are responsible for 50% to 70% of corporate expenditures. This explanation is supported by Monczka et al. First, that the role of purchasing is presently being reshaped in order to fit the modern economy. This is related to the increasing globalisation, technology development and changing consumer demands. Another conclusion, according to Monczka et al, is that purchasing must continue its integration with customers, information systems, operations etc. (Monczka et al, 2000) The following table shows a compilation of strategic and operation tasks carried out in the procurement function. Strategic Procurement Identify necessary capabilities to match the customers needs regarding flexibility, innovation, agility, quality, responsiveness, cost levels and price levels Assess ones own capabilities (Knowledge, technology, capacity, competence, long term importance, total cost) Assess supplier capabilities (knowledge, technology, capacity, competency, long term imprtance, total cost, type of market, localisation, and substitutability) Model cost drives for items purchased Model Single/ Multiple sourcing effect on total cost Model how supplier relationship affect total cost (cost benefit of engaging in a close supplier relationship) For close supplier relationships share information and knowledge and make relation-specific investments Procurement Process Identify needs Conduct market analysis Send out and expedite RFx Do Background review Negotiate contracts and select suppliers Purchase order fulfilment Monitor supplier performance Internal Tasks Analyse corporate spending Parts bundling Aggregated corporate expenditures Develop relationships with internal customers Reduce maverick buying and promote compliance Disseminating procurement relation information External Tasks Scan for innovations Monitor, disseminate and stimulate Develop new sources Foster external capabilities Source Strategic Procurement Council, 2001. Value Improvement (Value Based Procurement The Organisational Quintessential) Relevance : It is important for us to understand the concept behind value improvements or value based procurement . The fact that tangible and intangible values could be quantified to procurement products and services makes the study of procurement systems all the more interesting for definitive mathematical extrapolation of the relevant results. Value systems and the ability to attribute value systems makes the procurement operational systems multidimensional and unique . Furthermore this is a system which could be aptly applied for effecting improvements in procurement systems for SOM, therefore a thorough investigation of the relevant concept is deemed important for our investigation . To be successful in business, we need to satisfy our customer by providing them with something they perceive as value. Since we are dealing with internal customers and suppliers, the concept of value becomes vital, which is directly linked to customer satisfaction. High customer satisfaction means their needs are met at high level. The customers will be satisfied if the product or service provides them with value. The term ‘value is used in every day business language however it is often misused and misunderstood. The concept of value has many definitions (Zeithaml, 1988; Anderson et al., 1993; Monroe, 1990; Gale, 1994; Woodruff, 1997) but generally they are not distinct. Common themes throughout these definitions are that (Dumond, 2000): Customer value is linked to the use of a product or service, thereby removing it from personal values; Customer value is perceived by the customers rather than objectively determined by the seller; and Customer value typically involves a trade-off between what the customer receives (e.g. quality, benefits, worth) and what he or she gives up to acquire and use a product or service (e.g. price, sacrifices). The concept of value is important for this study since our purpose is to illustrate value improvement initiatives to enhance the current procurement system with Shell Oman Marketing. According to Hill (2005), value can be classified under two headings: Use Value: The properties and qualities that accomplish the function of service or product. Esteem value: the properties, features or attractiveness that causes people to want to own or use it. Value, therefore, consists of a combination of use and esteem properties related to the cost of providing them. However, the measure of value added is directly linked to customer satisfaction. The measurement of procurement activities based on traditional efficiency report, and short terms savings doesnt support value base procurement. In order to reflect shift in the focus in procurement activities, new measurement techniques must be target at those activates which reflect value to the stakeholder. (Butler, 1995). An interesting study conducted by Dumond (1994) about creating a value base procurement. Based on his finding, many firms the operating environment does not support value-based purchasing. Senior management plays a critical role in developing an environment that will support and encourage value-based purchasing, the following steps are recommended: Focus individual purchasers on customers needs and identify the value-adding processes Develop a performance measurement system that emphasizes quality, process improvement, and customer satisfaction Integrate purchasing into the firms communication system (elevate if needed) Educate-not only individual purchasers but also their customers. 2.4Value Analysis Framework To analysis value in a system, it will be useful to the use the value analysis procedure, which is discussed in Terry Hill book of Operation Management (2005). The steps involved are: Select the service or product Gather information about it Analysis its function and its value for money Generate alternative ways to provide the same function through speculation and brain-storming Assess the worth of these ideas. Decide what is to be done Implement the decisions Evaluate the result EFQM Excellence Model Relevance : EFQM system analysis is extremely important for our investigation because EFQM model based on European models of operational management and Quality management help us through an exhaustive interface between strategic inputs and outputs to measure the effectiveness of procurement systems and delve on the findings to derive adequate strengths and measures for any procurement operational system . Since our investigation is essentially based on finding the points of improvement in SOM and capitalising on the strengths an understanding of the relevant model is highly warranted for our investigation and proposed study . Moreover since EFQM model visualise the operational mechanics of procurement system from multidimensional angles it is imperative for us to investigate the mechanics of operation of EFQM model in sufficient details for finding the relevant applicability for our study under investigation . The European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) is widely discussed in the literature and many organizations have applied it as a tool for assessing all aspects of an organisations activities and results. According to EFQM, the model is intended to promote continuous improvement and is an aid to effective benchmarking. Excellence Model was introduced at the beginning of 1992 as the framework for assessing organisations for the European Quality Award. Now it became the most widely used organisational framework in Europe and considered as the basis for the majority of national and regional Quality Awards. 2.4.2Benefit of EFQM The EFQM Excellence Model  is a  business model tool  that can be applied in many different ways: As a business model for being able to assess independently the competency of the organization by the organisation itself. As a measure to benchmark other organisational functioning and strategy. As an improvement tool for highlighting areas to improve. As a common denominator, standard measurement scale or a common vocabulary. As a structural guide for the management of any organisation. The fundamentals of the EFQM Excellence model are based on nine criterions which are cannot be prescribed and such are practical in nature and application. Five of these are Enablers and four are Results. What a particular organisation does, those factors qualify as ‘Enablers†. The achievement of an organisation qualifies as the Results Criterion. Results are caused by Enablers and Enablers are improved using feedback from Results. Excellent results with respect to Performance, Customers, People and Society are achieved through Leadership driving Policy and Strategy that is delivered through People, Partnerships and Resources, and Processes. (Procurement modelling-a discussion, Harvard Review Press, 1996) The Fundamental Concept of EFQM Excellence Model are: Results Orientation Every organisation should look for the outcome of â€Å"enablers† to delight customers. . Customer Focus Excellence is creating sustainable customer value. Leadership and Constancy of Purpose Excellence is visionary backed by inspirational leadership, with constancy of purpose. . Management by Processes and Facts Excellence is managing the organisation through a set of interdependent and interrelated systems, processes and facts. People Development and Involvement Excellence is maximising employee contribution through employee development and involvement. Continuous Learning, Innovation and Improvement Excellence is challenging the status quo and bringing change by learning and innovation. Partnership Development Excellence is developing and maintaining value-adding partnerships. Corporate Social Responsibility Excellence is exceeding the minimum regulatory framework in which the organisation operates and to strive to understand and respond to the expectati ons of their stakeholders in society (Harvard Review Press, 1996) 2.5 Procurement Value Improvement Framework (The Shell Oman perspective) The structure of literature is in line with the value analysis framework. First, we identified the service we want to investigate, which procurement activities in Shell Oman Marketing. Secondly, we provided information about the procurement function in Shell Oman and its structure. Thirdly, we use Soft System Methodology (SSM), which is strong in analyzing a holistic situation and capture qualitative data. The SSM will only be used to develop understanding of the challenges exist in the current system. Unstructured Interview is strong in determine many qualities aspect which will be useful in revealing out issues and problems that other method of research can meet this object effectively. Therefore, to get different perception, it will be useful to carry out a survey through an interview with five key internal business stakeholders to analysis the strength and weakness of current contract and procurement activities. Fourthly, we dig in the literature and journals to search for ways o f adding value improvement to procurement function. Plus, interviews with two large companies in similar field to identifying the industry best practice in procurement function. Fifthly, an analysis of all the procurement best practices generated from above stage, which will be discussed in chapter 4 in detail. Sixthly, in chapter 5, based on the analysis, we will recommend the way forward. Unfortunately, this research will be limited at the recommendation stage and will not have the opportunity to implement and evaluation the result. 2.6The Purchasing Maturity (Organisational Stratagem) We can observe that the purchasing role in providing added value has evolved and has been modified along with the importance and the place taken by purchasing in organizations. In figure 3 the main values added by purchasing are related to each of the evolution stages towards purchasing maturity (van Weele, 1998). In the first stage the main value added by purchasing is by assuring the continuity of the supply. In the second stage the already purchased items have an increased importance in companys costing cost structure. The role of purchasing then left is to minimize material costs and improve /up the bottom line. Stage 3 would center on co-ordination between various departments .The main values added by purchasing are greater compliance with pre-negotiated contracts, uniform buying policies and systems and capturing the benefits from internal co-ordination. The next stage lays stress on use of inter-functional teams and the reduction pf the total systems costs satisfaction of the internal customer seems to be the main focus of purchasing then. The supply orientation stage envisages the selection of suppliers on strategic company guidelines, requirements, long-term relationships design, supplier network management and early involvement in the new product development process. In the final s tage the main goal is to design the most effective and efficient value chain possible to serve the end customer. This last stage is characterized by an extensive use of cross- functional supplier development teams and a close collaboration on advance technology with suppliers. (Telgen Sitar, 2001) 2.7 Categories of Value Added Procurement The literature review highlights five main categories of value added procurement which are representative and important for every organization: Better contracts Improved purchasing efficiency Customer satisfaction (improved quality and service) Closer and more cooperative relationships with suppliers Reduced costs, improved quality and increased time to market resulting from an early involvement of the purchasing department in the new product development process (NPD). The first four categories of values added are based on Leenders and Schiele (1999). Basically, the researcher took one aspect from each of the above categories of value added. The role of the purchasing department should be considered from all possible angles and viewpoints. There is an increasing contribution of the purchasing department in the new process development in todays organisations, with specific and special interests in -the contribution of the purchasing department in the areas of quality, cost and time to market resulting from an early involvement of the purchasing department in the NPD process. The Resource Based View of Procurement Relevance : The analysis of this model for procurement is important for adding diversity to our investigation of procurement systems and their mechanics . Resource based view of procurement is one of the important views for procurement practices from the global perspective especially from the point of view of competing firms in highly dense and competitive markets , where because of oligopoly of procurement practising firms each firm would have to build a set of unique identifiable resources to capitalise on a